Unit 18 Human Resource Management Assignment Copy

Unit 18 Human Resource Management Assignment Copy

Introduction

Human resource management refers to management of the workers of an organisation by making best and efficient use of resources. Human resource department plays an important role in an organisation. Without human resources, an organisation cannot able to achieve its goals and objectives because human resources contribute in an organisation’s operations. This unit 18 human resource management assignment copy uses explains various aspects of human resource management in practice. There are many functions and tasks that are undertaken by human resource department in an organisation and that include recruitment, selection, training, payroll management of human resources. They are responsible for providing proper guidance to the employees and resolve their issues. Human resource department has to maintain a healthy relationship with the employees as they are responsible to motivate the employees and resolving their conflicts.  Human Resource department  is also responsible in evaluating the performance of the employees and performance appraisal. They have to ensure employee safety and healthy environment in the organisation by complying with labour laws of the state or country.

Task 1

1.1 Differentiate between personnel management and Human resource management giving examples in two suitable organisations.

Human resources are a part of an organisation that manages people within the organisation. It refers to acquire developing and supporting staff that can fulfil their role at workplace. Human resource management refers to the effective utilisation of people so that it can achieve both the organizational and individual goals.(Flynn and Stack, 2006). Personnel management refers to the mediators between the management and staff who basically deal with payroll, employment laws related tasks. They are more administrative in nature. On the other hand, human resource is responsible for managing workforce which is one of the main resources that contributes in organisation’s success.

Difference between personnel and human resource management:

As far as the present situation is considered, none of the companies are suing personnel management because they are more concentrated on welfare of thei employees so they have moved towards HRM practices. Cadbury was the company that first uses personnel management when the concept arises. Slowly and steadily, Cadbury also moves to HRM. Difference in the practices of personnel management and HRM of Cadbury have been discussed below:

1.2 Assess how human resource management functions help your chosen organisation in achieving its purpose.

Human resource department acts as the foundation of the organisation. All the processes in the organisation can be conducted only with the help of the employees and managing these employees is the task done by the HR department. The HR department functions are not limited to managing of the human resources but it also contributes in achieving organisational purposes. Some of the functions of HR department have discussed below that contributes in achieving purposes of Tesco:

1. Recruitment and selection: Recruitment is the function of attracting the candidates by advertising about the job vacancy and selection is the process of employing a candidate on that position. Tesco is the customer oriented organisation and require employees having great communication skills. The process of recruitment and selection helps in recruiting the right candidate in the organisation, so that they can achieve organisational purposes.
2. Training and development: As discussed, Tesco is a customer-oriented organisation and requires skilled employees. These employees need to be trained in order to deal with the customers with dynamic changes. Hence, this function of HR department also indirectly contributing in achieving the organisational purpose.
3. Rewards: Provision of rewards to the employees is the practice introduced in the organisations to enhance their performance. Reward system motivates the employees as well as helps in retaining the talents. Tesco has the purpose to increase the sales and these sales targets can be achieved only by motivating the employees by providing the rewards.

1.3 Evaluate the roles and responsibilities of line managers in your organisation or familiar organisation and how it supports human resource management functions.

Line managers are the managers to whom individuals directly report and who are responsible to higher authority for those employees. These employees have the responsibilities of the operational functions as well as have to play their part in some of the Human resource management roles. This is because, the modern human resource management is not limited to human resource department but line managers also needs to focus on the performance of the employees that are working under them. They have many different roles that integrate with Human resource functions:

1. Training and development: It is the function that falls under HR department. The line managers have the role to play in this function. They are the one who are responsible for assessing the training needs as they know better about the employees working under them. They need to coordinate with the HR department in organising the training event.
2. Flow of communication: Line managers have the responsibility to maintain the co-ordination and flow of communication between the HR and the operational department.
3. Recruitment and selection: At the time of recruitment and selection, the basic function of analysing the need of recruitment is conducted by the involvement of line managers. They are also one of the judges in the interview panel at the time of recruitment.
4. Performance management: Performance management is the function of Hr department but line mangers need to maintain the records of the performance of the employees in the operational department. In this way, line managers perform the duties of Hr department too.

In  Cadbury business environment  line managers are responsible for developing strategies and designing performance management system so that they can cope up with the changing business priorities and other business activities that are of a higher level. They have the responsibilities to implement HR policies and practices. It is important for strengthening the relationship between employees and managers as it increase employee performance and motivation. That is the reason, why line managers can make a difference in employee’s attitude and behaviour. (Lussier and Hendon, 2013) The role of front line managers is to provide guidance and advice to the employees whenever it is required. They need to control the flow of work by providing direction and guidance to others.

1.4 Analyse how legal and regulatory framework impact on human resource management.

There is a body of law that is called as employee legislation. It is created to govern employer- employee relationship and the safeguard the rights of the employees and employer in reference to workplace. These legal and regulatory framework impacts on human resource management as it have the responsibility to makes all the prescribed Acts applicable on the organisation. There are some Acts of law that describes the rules and regulations that are needed to be followed by every organisation.

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Task 2

2.1 Analyse the reasons for human resource planning.

Human Resource planning refers to identifying present and future human resource requirement of the organization to achieve the objectives. It is related to business strategies and planning so that it can ensure the availability and supply of human resource. It is a link between the human resources management and strategic plan of an organisation. Human resource planning enables an organization to acquire human resources at the right time, which are perfect for the organisation and contain right skills. Human resource planning is beneficial for an organisation because it helps in cutting the costs and can determine the future requirement of human resources in advance. It helps in succession planning and create reservoir of talent. Human resource department firstly assess the current human resources, then the requirement in future and afterwards develop a program to meet the needs of organisation.

The reason for human resource planning are-

1. Proper human resource planning leads to increased volume of business as human resource are responsible for the growth and development of the organization.
2. It can easily deal with the changes to the required skills set by hiring appropriate human resource for a suitable job vacancy.
3. It eradicates the problem of employee turnover as it focuses on maintaining healthy relationship between employees and the organization.
4. It helps in controlling labour cost as it provides specific trainings for specific job requirements.
5. It ensures proper supply of manpower at the time of requirement by forecasting demand and supply.
6. It ensures efficient use of present human resources in the organisation by train them in a proper way.
7. It helps in anticipate the impact of technological factors on jobs and requirement of manpower.(Lussier and Hendon, 2013)

In the given scenario, the company needs to change the recruitment process as the present recruitment process fails to hire the relevant employees that are affecting the company’s turnover. Proper planning needs to be done before recruiting anyone. This planning involves proper job analysis that deals with job description and specification.

2.2 Outline the stages involved in planning human resource requirements.

1. Assess organisational objectives- It is necessary to know about the future objectives of the organisation in various fields like marketing, finance, operations etc. It gives an idea regarding the work to be done to achieve the goals of the organisation.
2.  Assess present human resources- For assessing the future needs, it is important to know about the present state of human resources available with the organisation. Instead of this, their capacity, performance and potential are also need to be analysed. For filling the vacancies, the internal and external sources are considered.(Armstrong, 2003)
3. Forecasting demand and supply- It is important to estimate the human resource requirement for different vacancies according to their job profile. It is necessary to match job specification and job description of a particular task, and skills and qualifications of the person should be suitable to it.(Flynn and Stack, 2006)
4. Estimating manpower requirements- By forecasting demand and supply, the deficit sand surplus of human resource can be calculated. Deficit refers to the number of employees required by the organisation and surplus refers to termination. For upgrading the skills of the employees, proper training and development programs should be organised for them.
5. Formulation of final plan- The final plan has been prepared as per the deficit or surplus in the organization. According to that, the plan is prepared either for recruiting new employees or termination of existing employees.
6. Monitoring, Controlling and Feedback- It refers to the implementation of final plan. Human resource allocation has been done as per the requirements. Proper monitoring of plan has been done to identify and remove errors from it. After that it is necessary to compare the human resource plan and its implementation for ensuring that appropriate action has been taken.

2.3 Compare the current recruitment and selection process in the organization with another organization you recommending.

• Recruitment- It means to search out prospective workforce for the organization and stimulate them to apply for the jobs that are available in the organization.
• Selection- It is the process of checking the abilities of candidates and select the best option out of them.

Recruitment and selection process of current organization- Current recruitment process of the organization is very much improper as there is no HR planning policy that is very essential for effective recruitment. In their recruitment process, candidates are given a telephonic interview before appearing in face to face interview. The question that is asked is irrelevant as they are not suitable for an interview and they are not the questions which should be asked in telephonic interview.(Jones, 2008)

There is a systematic process for recruitment and selection –

• Screening interview – It is an interview that is conducted by some organisations. It is a telephonic round in which some direct and straight forward questions are asked to the candidates and after this round unqualified people are eliminated.
• Selection tests- There are different types of selection tests in an organisation like aptitude test, psychometric test, numeric test etc. These tests can estimate the capabilities of the candidate and defines their suitability for the organisation. some tests are as follows-

• Job knowledge tests- It measures the knowledge of the candidate for any particular job.(Chanda and Shen, 2009)
• Work Sample tests- It allows candidates to explain how they would work on the job.
• Personality tests- It describes the traits and personal characteristics of an individual.
• Vocational test- This test identifies the areas in which the candidate is interested.

• Interview- In an interview, open ended questions are asked to the candidates to know about his problem solving capabilities and his skills. Questions related to academics, projects and experiences are asked in interview. This is for long time duration in comparison to telephonic interview.(Sekhri, 2010)
• Background verification and reference checks- It is very important to check background of the candidate as most of the candidates lie about their work experiences and educational qualifications. Some candidates show wrong details in the resumes.

Recruitment and selection process of Tesco:

Recruitment: Two types of recruitment are conducted in Tesco-

• Internal recruitment: Tesco recruits employee from its existing staff for the vacancy in the company. If the HR department is unable to find anyone suitable, then they move to recruit externally.
• External recruitment: It is the process used by Tesco to advertise the job vacancy for the external applicants. Applicants send their CV’s to the HR department and the shortlisted candidates the further come for the selection process.

Selection: End of recruitment process gives the sign to initiate the selection process. Selection process of Tesco involves following steps:

• Screening: Screening is the process of observing CV’s of the applicants and short listing the appropriate ones.
• Interview: In this step, the candidates with shortlisted CV’s have been called for the interview.
• Assessment: The candidates who passed the interview go for the assessment test for checking their quality of work and skills.
• Second interview: candidates who qualify the assessment test needs to attend the second round of interview. This is the last step of the selection process that decides the fate of the candidate. The selected candidates now get the offer letter by the company.

2.4  Evaluate the effectiveness of the organization recruitment and selection techniques with another organization you recommending.

The recruitment and selection techniques of an organization show the quality of human resources that are recruited. The organization given in the scenario has no planning process that leads to improper recruitment. The result of this is high staff turnover in the organization. All these drawbacks lead to poor results of the recruitment in the company. There is no HR manager in the company and a finance manager was performing all the duties of the HR manager. This results in inappropriate usage of the recruitment and selection method that were not effective for the organisational requirement. On the other hand, TESCO is the company that has proper recruitment and selection process. The process has been discussed in the above task. The process like this helps the company to recruit right people on right place and at the right time. This is what Human resource department is meant for. The selection of the candidates has been done according to the job description and specification. The HR team matches the person specification with the required specification of the job. This helps the HR team to recruit a relevant candidate on the job. Proper analysis of the job determines the requirement according to which recruitment should be done. Proper selection of the right candidate results in low turnover rates and hence enhances the productivity of the organisation. All this suggests that  TESCO  services  uses very effective recruitment and selection techniques.

Task 3

3.1 Assess the link between motivational theory and reward at Virgin Media or your chosen organisation. Your answer must show if you think there is a link, what connects the two.

Virgin Media is an organization that is created from the merger of NTL. It is world’s largest international cable company. (Armstrong, 2003)Motivation is important aspect that influences the behaviour and actions of an individual. It results in achievement of goals by them. By understanding the forces that results in motivating employees at work can ensures that the organisation not only has the employees that possess skills, knowledge and qualification to perform a specific job, but who are also dedicated to the organisation to achieve high work standards. Positively motivated employees can take responsibilities, helps their colleagues and contributes their skills in an effective way. Negative behaviours reflect demotivated employees. It includes irresponsible behaviour, high absenteeism and poor performance that impacts on the performance of the business. Two of the motivational theories that are generally been used by the organisations are:

Maslow hierarchy needs theory: this theory focuses on fulfilling the needs of the employees by motivating them for achieving those needs. The theory suggests that needs of an employee changes with time and the greed of achieving those needs motivate him to work efficiently.

Hertzberg two factor theory: The two factors that are involved in this theory are:

• Motivation factors
• Hygiene factors

This theory focuses on factors that satisfy employees and also considers the factors that may dissatisfy employees in the organisation. According to this theory, motivation factors are those factors that inspire employees to work efficiently and the factors that create a sense of satisfaction are called hygiene factors. Presence of hygiene factors can be ignored by the employees but their absence may dissatisfy them. There are many factors that motivate employees to work but, every factor does not prove to be effective for every individual.Virgin media considers reward as one of the motivating factor for many people. It offers bonus schemes to the employees, like ASPIRE field pay and reward system and additional benefits like health care, life assurance, pension schemes etc.Research undertaken by Fredrick Herzberg in the 1950’s has clearly described the understanding of motivational theories and job satisfaction at workplace. It is described that employees has two types of needs at workplace i.e. hygiene and motivator factors. Hygiene factors refer to the salary and working conditions. It leads to dissatisfaction of employees if these conditions are not good. Motivators include responsibility, achievement, and progression of opportunities. Herzberg found that these two factors can improve an individual’s performance.(Chanda and Shen, 2009). These two things are connected in this way as motivational theories contain the factors that can motivate the employees.

3.2   Evaluate the process of job evaluation and other factors determining pay at Virgin Media or your chosen organisation.

Job evaluation is the process of analysing the job to determine its worth. Identification of worth of the job helps in determining the pay structure for that job in comparison to other jobs in the organisation. This approach of job evaluation ensures that consistency and fairness has been maintained that offers opportunities for increase in salaries. Job evaluation process involves the following steps:

1. Designing job evaluation program.
2. Creating job evaluation committee.
3. Indentifying the jobs that need to be evaluated.
4. Deciding the job evaluation method.
5. Classification of jobs according to the evaluation.

Following are some of the job evaluation methods that have been used by the organisations to determine the pay.

• Job Analysis- It means getting required information about different aspects of a job. It includes Job description i.e. to define roles and responsibilities of a job and Job specification i.e. to define necessary skills, knowledge and abilities to perform a specific job.(Sekhri, 2010)
• Job rating- It includes the same process that identifies job descriptions and specifications.
• Money allocation- It means to decide a pay structure allocated to each job as per its worth.
• Job classification- It is the last step related to job evaluation which refers to categorize the job as per their pay scale.

Other methods that determines the pay:

• Compensation policies: Compensation refers to the rewards that have been received in return of any loss or extra efforts. This plays a very important role in determining the pay of the employee. It adds with the salary of the employee to provide him monetary benefits.
• Level of the job: Organisation has three levels. The jobs at organisational level have the highest pay associated with it as they have more responsibilities. Managerial level jobs get little less pay as compared to organisational level jobs and at the last operational level jobs with the least pay associated as they have the most basic responsibilities of the organisation.
• Reward system: The reward system helps in associating the pay scale to the job. This method is widely used by the organizations including Virgin Media. Virgin Media use bonus schemes like ASPIRE field pay and rewards scheme to provide competitive salaries to the employees according to their performances.

Virgin Media group  commonly used reward system as the basis to determine the pay of the job. Reward system of Virgin Media is very effective as it provides monetary as well as other rewards to the employees like; recognition, insurance benefits, pension schemes, staff saving schemes, etc

3.3 Assess in different contexts (for e.g. attracting talent, retention, and motivation) how effective is the reward systems at Virgin Media or your chosen organisation.

Virgin media considers rewards as one of the important motivating reason for many of its employees. It offers a bonus scheme to its employees so that performance of the employees can increase. The name of the scheme is ASPIRE field pay and reward system. The scheme rewards every Net Promoter® score (NPS) of 9 or 10 with £10. It has forward business thinking and due to this Virgin Media understands the importance of motivational factors. It also addons benefits to its employees like private health care services, gratuity, pension schemes etc. There are many motivational factors that affect the performance of the employees like promotions, recognition etc. This organisation uses many strategies so that achievements of the employees can be recognised. One of these methods is NPS Hero championship scheme. In this scheme, employees receive a personal letter of appreciation on a score of 10. Another scheme adopted by Virgin Media is SHOUT in which employees are thanked for maintain the values of the organisation in their work.(Chanda and Shen, 2009)

3.4 Examine the methods Virgin Media or your chosen organisation use to monitor employee performance.

There are many methods to monitor employee performance. Some of them is discussed below:

1. Punctuality- Employee who regularly come to office for are serious for work and who mostly come late are unable to fulfil the objectives of the organisation. Punctuality shows the dedication of employee towards work.
2. Quality of work- Employees who timely complete their work to the particular standard is a key indicator in calculating employee performance. It shows the efforts of an employee for the project.(Siengthai, 2010)
3. Observe personal habits- Bad habits affect the employee’s performance as it can detract from employee performance. These bad habits may include office gossips, unauthorised breaks etc. For preventing these habits, there should be a proper code of conduct mentioned by the organisation.(Shepherd, 2006)
4. Attitude evaluation- People who carries bad attitudes always behave in a bad manner and this is an indication of failure in relation to achieve performance objectives.(Sparrow, 2006) These employees do not adopt company’s policy and are likely to show disrespect for company and colleagues.
5. Carry out random checks- It is important to monitor employee’s performance randomly. This may include reviewing telephone calls and check records.

Virgin Media has been many  methods of performance evaluation of the employees like assessing the behaviour, scoring and recognition etc. The company believes that behaviour of the employee at the workplace determines his performance level and the willingness to work. The people who take initiatives are considered as the employees with high performance level. Another method that has been used to judge the performance of the employees is the Net Promoter Score. The score has been given to the employees out of 10. Scores have been given based on the performance of the employees and the target completion. High scorers get the recognition in the recognition program conducted by the organisation.

Task 4

4.1 Identify the reasons for termination of Faisal’s employment contract with The Chicken Master and generally explain other reasons for cessation of employment.

Bob owns Chicken Master and he thought Faisal had hit a homerun. Faisal turned out to be one big strike out.  After the completion of six months, he terminated Faisal because his performance was poor and he was violating company’s policy. Faisal was not doing any task properly as it was found that the store and kitchen was not properly cleaned, food was unprepared and employees were not provided with proper supervision. Faisal was spending his time for his personal business without informing others. Bob tried to improve Faisal’s performance but all in vain. Faisal was using equipment of the company for his personal use. He was caught watching pornography. Because of all these reasons, BOB remained with no other option and fired Faisal.(Flynn and Stack, 2006)

There are many reasons for cessation of employment. They are as follows-

1. Resignation- Resignation means to voluntarily stop providing services to an organisation. It happens when a person do not want to continue job at an organisation due to any reason.
2. Retirement- Retirement means when a person reaches at a prescribed age and has completed the tenure of providing services to a particular organisation.
3. Redundancy- It is the state of being unemployed because job is no longer necessary for an individual. It can be due to any reason.
4. Death- It means when a person is dead and he is no longer capable of providing services to an organisation(Sekhri, 2010)
5. Dismissal- Dismissal refers to a situation when an employer ends an employee’s contract. There must be a fair way for dismissal of employees.

4.2 Describe the employment exit procedures used by The Chicken Master and another organisation of your choice.

Employment exit procedure means termination of employees in a professional way. It applies to the employees who have resigned and those that are terminated from an organisation. As far as the exit procedure of Chicken master is considered, the company has uses dismissal as the method of terminating the job if Faisal. The procedure that has been followed in dismissal is discussed below:

1. Identification of the need of termination: The first step followed in the case for terminating the job of Faisal was to identify the need. Bob has identified that Faisal is not performing well and violating the company contract by some of his practices.
2. Documents: A termination letter has been sent to Faisal by Bob including all the clause of dismissal and the reason behind it.
3. Faisal filed a case: If employee has not been voluntarily leaving the job then he has the right to go to the tribunal.

The exit procedures of the companies are more or less similar to each other. Tesco uses almost all the methods of termination to terminate the jobs. The general procedure followed by the company is as follows:

1. Need of termination: This is the first step in which need of termination has been identified.
2. Documentation: Documents have been sent to the person who neds to be terminated.
3. Exit interview: This is the step in which some discussions regarding the termination takes place between the employee and the management. Feedback has been received from the employee who is leaving or has been dismissed from the job.
4. Account clearance: All the dues between the employee and the company has been paid at the last day of the employment.

4.3 Consider the impact of the legal and regulatory framework on employment cessation arrangements with an organisation such as The Chicken Master if Faisal’s claim was proven to be true.

It is important to make sure at the time of dismissal that there should be a fair reason for dismissal. An employer must behave in a proper way with an employee. Its procedure should include the set of advices in the Acas (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service) code of practice, or the Labour Relations Agency (LRA) code of practice for Northern Ireland. Under Employment Rights Act 1996, there are many rules and regulations that are mentioned to safeguard the interest of employer and employees. (Flynn and Stack, 2006)

1. The rules for dismissal and redundancy are-

• According to it, all the companies are required to lay down the dismissal procedure adopted by them.(Armstrong, 2003)
• Employees are entitled to receive fair remuneration in case of unfair dismissal. Provides the requirement for an employer to make payment in case of redundancy.

2. Dispute resolution-

• To mention the requirement of an organisation to adopt a fair procedure related to grievances and discipline.
• Provides the rights of an employee regarding employment disputes related to employment etc. to employment tribunal.(Obeidat, 2012)

ACAS code of practice-It considers that whether the reason for dismissal is sufficient or not. Guidance should be given to employees related to ACAS code of practice. (Lussier and Hendon, 2013)ACAS code of practice contains-

• There is not any force of law for ACAS code of practice on Disciplinary and Grievance procedures, so if an organisation fails to comply with it does not leads to an unfair dismissal.
• However, it will act as important against the employer, if the rules are not followed, and tribunals will be able to adjust any awards made in relevant cases by up to 25% for unreasonable failure to comply with any provision of the code.

Impact of the legal and regulatory framework on Chicken Master cessation arrangements: According to the scenario, Faisal filed a case against Bob on charge of race and age discrimination. The case filed against Bob is under ACAS code of practice. Bob should take advice from the ACAS, as it is the case of dismissal. The presence of employment tribunal provides the right to the employees like Faisal who have been dismissed to file a case against the employer. The tribunal is responsible to investigate and give fair judgement. This tribunal also facilitates the employers to file case against the employees in case of any disputes and wrong practices.

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Conclusion

Human Resource Management is an important part of an organisation that is responsible for many functions like recruitment, selection, performance evaluation, performance appraisal, stress management etc. An organisation works for the achievement of goal and that goal can be achieved when there is an efficient and effective utilisation of resources. Human resources are the employees who work for the achievement of the objectives and goals of the organisation. They must be provided healthy and proper working environment so that it becomes easy for them to contribute their efforts and skills at right place. Motivation of employee is necessary for an organisation. There are many monetary as well as non-monetary ways of motivating the employees of an organisation like bonuses,  health care services  and other benefits. They should be provided proper training and development facilities that can enhance their skills and results in an effective outcome.

References

Books

Armstrong, M. (2003). Job evaluation. London: Kogan Page.
Chanda, A. and Shen, J. (2009). HRM strategic integration and organizational performance. Los Angeles: Response Books.
Flynn, J. and Stack, M. (2006). The role of the preceptor. New York: Springer Pub.
Flynn, J. and Stack, M. (2006). The role of the preceptor. New York: Springer Pub.
Lussier, R. and Hendon, J. (2013). Human resource management. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Sekhri, A. (2010). Human resource planning and audit. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House.
Sparrow, P. (2006). International recruitment, selection, and assessment. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
SununtaSiengthai., (2010). The multi-dimensions of industrial relations in the Asian knowledge-based economies. Oxford, UK: Chandos Pub.

Journals

Marie Ryan, A. and Derous, E. (2016). Highlighting Tensions in Recruitment and Selection Research and Practice. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 24(1), pp.54-62.
Obeidat, B. (2012). The Relationship between Human Resource Information System (HRIS) Functions and Human Resource Management (HRM) Functionalities. jmr, 4(4).
Shepherd, P. (2006). COUNTER: usage statistics for performance measurement. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 7(3), pp.142-152