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Program | Diploma in Travel and Tourism |
Unit Number and Title | Unit 6 Contemporary Issues Impact on TT Sector |
QFC Level | Level 4 |
Travel and tourism sector is fast growing sector and make effective level of contribution in the nation’s economy. For some nations it is major source of income. There are some factors or contemporary issues that affect the growth of this sector. These factors become barriers in the growth or development of the tourism industry. Unit 6 contemporary issues impact on TT sector assignment report makes inclusion of such issues which are considered as the major barriers in the growth of travel and tourism sector. Different strategies also get discussed in order to resolve these problems and solve the issues in effective manner.
UK is selected in order to make discussion over the current issues related to the tourist destinations. UK is one of the most preferred destinations among the tourists and every year number of tourists visit UK. The unique features of UK that attract high number of tourists include rich heritage and cultural factors. The remuneration gathered from the tourist sector contributes major part in their nation’s economy. There are various tourist destinations in the major cities of UK such as London, Manchester, Liverpool and many more. Tourism sector become key source of income for UK and due to this effect their government put adequate emphasis over it in order to promote their tourism in the global market and make others also aware about their tourist destinations. There are lot many issues that drive the change in the travel and tourism sector of the UK (Evans, et. al., 2012). These issues get discussed as follows such as: -
Economic factors: With the effect of the economy UK’s tourism sector get affected badly.UK economy is facing issues related to the high unemployment rate.
As per the above figure it is clearly observed that there is fall in the growth rate. This fall shows that they are facing issues related to the recession and they are losing their market growth. Due to recession the goods and services become little bit expensive which reduces the tourism business and may lead to increase in unemployment ratio (McWha, et. al., 2016).
Terrorism: This issue affects the global tourism sector as terrorism activities are happening in every country at any time. With the increase in the terrorism activities there is effective fall is noted down in the tourism sector. There are various recent attacks in the European countries such as France on 13th November 2015 terrorist’s attack was made at restaurant. In this attack 140 get killed and 89 people’s get injured. These kinds of activities lead to decrease in the number of tourists visit the nation for tourism purpose. Due to these terrorists attacks European countries are not considered as safe anymore and it directly hampers their tourism business law. Local riots were also observed in the year 2011 which affects their domestic as well as inbound tourism. Tourists can’t visit such destinations that risk their life and with this effect the tourism sector of UK and other European countries get affected badly (McWha, et. al., 2016).
Health related issues: Health factors are effective factors that restrict the tourists visiting such destinations. Tourists didn’t visit such places that are suffering from diseases or health issues and once they find it out they cancel their trips. Government also restrict the tourist activities at such places where there are effective chances of spreading diseases. Tourists doesn’t want to visit such places that are affected from the diseases or any other problem and to safeguard themselves from their impact they cancel their trip and remain at home or visit some other place which is not having such issues. Health issues put adverse impact over the tourism sector (Wachowiak, 2016).
The tourism sector gets affected with the effect of available issues. These available issues make inclusion of activities related to terrorism, severe weather conditions and many more. Some of these get discussed below such as:
Terrorism activities: The terrorism activities are performed by few groups of peoples in order to create fear among people. Terrorism activities make inclusion of killing people through blasting, bombing, firing and others. The main motive of these activities is to develop fear among the individuals. Due to these activities there is adequate level of impact is put over the tourists as majority of tourists wants to visit safe and secure places. Recently there is few terrorism attack held in European countries that affect their tourism business. Safety and security are the prime concerns of the tourists before visiting tourist destinations. With the effect of these attacks there is effective fall is noted down in the European tourism sector (Medlik, 2012).
There are various examples available in context to the terrorist attacks and fall in the tourism business. In the year 2011 Syria civil war adversely impact their tourism sector. Earlier to this attack there is effective rise in their tourism but after this civil war there is effective fall is noted down as 95% occupancy of hotels immediately fall down to the 12% occupancy. With the effect of this huge fall many of the hotels get closed. In the same manner Turkey is also impacted badly impacted with the terrorist attacks as it is not termed as safe and secure tourism place for tourists (Stonehouse, et. al., 2012).
Tourists always prefer safest place for their tourism purpose. The safest places for tourism in world are as follows such as:
Political unrest in Middle East and North Africa: In order to improve the tourism in Egypt and Tunisian their government put adequate efforts into it. They try their level best in order to increase the number of their tourists in their country. But after all efforts the number of tourists keeps on declining and for this event the main reason is their unrest political parties. On the other hand Libya and Algeria having infrastructure development problem as they are facing economic stability issues. There is effective increase is noted down in the oil prices that increase the fair rate of Air travel which directly affects the tourism sector as number of tourists visiting these countries get declining. The factors such as high prices of air ticket fair and unrest political environment didn’t attract tourists for these countries and these tourists move towards such countries that have cheap prices, stable political parties and safe environment (Hall, 2011).
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Call us: +44 – 7497 786 317There are various growing trends such as Globalisation, sports tourism; inbound and outbound tourism and these trends put adequate level of impact over the travel and tourism sector of UK. These trends get discussed below such as:
Saga holidays effectively want to make expansion of their niche tourist market for the purpose of increasing their customer base. For this purpose they enter into new market. As per the recent trends it is noted down that there is effective boost in the UK tourism sector as there are lots of football lovers visit different cities of UK in order to watch football matches. Football leagues attract more tourists towards them and increase their domestic as well as inbound tourism in effective manner. There are various other sports activities also taken place such as Wimbledon (Lawn tennis tournament), Cricket series at Lord’s (Mostly Ashes), and many more major international tournaments related to the different sports. Most of the tourists visit due to the football tournaments (Grimshaw, 2014).
In the below table number of visitors from different countries is shown such as: -
S. No. | Name of Country | Number of tourists |
1. | Germany | 49,000 |
2. | Spain | 53,000 |
3. | United States | 62,000 |
4. | Norway | 81,000 |
5. | Ireland | 175,000 |
It is also forecasted that there will be effective increase in the tourist numbers due to the upcoming events including ICC World Cup (2019), World Athletic Championship (2017) and many more (Nair & Hussain, 2013).
Future trends that also helps in developing sports tourism in UK such as:
In order to promote sports tourism in UK below factors need to be considered effectively such as: -
International Airlines Groups is considered among one of the largest airline because it attains 533 airplanes and these airplanes covers 250 destinations. In Europe it holds the third position and in the all over world it holds 6th position as per the revenue earned. International Airlines Groups is the parental company of different companies including British Airways, Iberia, Aer Lingu and Vueling. In order to make analysis of the responses made to the changes SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) analysis (Jovanovic, 2015). Below is the SWOT analysis of the IAG such as: -
Strength | Weakness |
|
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Opportunity | Threat |
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Analysis is also made with the help of using PESTLE in order to analyse the macro environment for IAG group such as: -
Heading | Description |
Political | Current Government impose different types of taxes or increase the rate of VAT or Tax. As there is increase in VAT rate by 20% in the year 2011 which decreases their overall profits earned. |
Economical | Nation affected with recession and with this effect prices of different products and services get increased. Due to these factors there is effective decrease in the number of customers and ultimately affect their revenues. |
Social | It makes inclusion of the lifestyle of the residents that affect the business activities. It also makes inclusion of the travelling trend. |
Technological | This sector is having rapid changes in it and with this effect in order to maintain competitive advantage they need to remain updated with the technology. They need to adopt new and effective technology for the purpose of meeting customer expectations. |
Legal | There are numerous legal implications are made by the government and this need to be followed by IAS as there is restriction imposed by the European Union over air careers in context to the safety of nation. With the effect of terrorism attack in Europe also increase the security issues and it results into fall in the number of tourists. |
Environmental | There are various legal implications are made by government in order to safeguard their environment by getting destroyed. IAG need to follow the set guideline otherwise they may face legal consequences. |
There are various strategies get developed by the IAG to provide responses for the changes happened in the market. There are two companies considered in order to know the development of the strategies and it include British Airways and Iberia Airways and both are the subsidiary airline company IBA group. In the below table strategies are selected and developed such as:
Basis | British Airlines | Iberia |
Price | They have variety of products and due to this they set variety of prices. They target every kind of customers and make effective amendments in the prices as per the requirement of the customers. | The prices of their product are high as they are targeting only upper segment of customers. The services are designed for the upper class customers. |
Product | They provide variety of products and services to their services. With the help of diversified products they effectively target each segment group. | Their products and services are for higher segment or for business class customer segment. |
Promotion | In order to promote their products and making effective communication they make use of the mobile application. It helps in rendering effective facility to the customers. Over mobile application they render attractive offers over the bookings, etc. | They make use of the online portal and social media in order to promote their products. |
Place | British airways make different tie-ups with different airports in order to run their operations. | They perform their operational activities from various airports and headquarter is at Madrid. |
Below two different strategies are followed from which one can be followed in effective manner such as: -
In the above section both companies’ select their strategies in order to make response to the changes in the market. British airways develop their existing products as per the needs and wants of their customers and for this purpose they follow product development strategy. For this purpose marketing mix is utilised such as they attain variety of products in order to satisfy the need and want of different variety of customers. For this purpose they set effective prices in order to attract variety of customers. To satisfy the need and wants of different customers they provide variety of products. In order to promote their products they effectively make use of merchandise such as mugs, apparels and many more. To facilitate their customers and promote their products they also launch mobile application. It makes the booking process easier and effective that helps in satisfying customers need. British airways also run their operation at various airports and it helps in making physical appearance in front of customers that helps a lot (Cohen & Cohen, 2012).
On the other hand Iberia makes use of market development strategy in which they get into new market with the use of their existing products. There is no change is made among their products and in order to promote their products in new market they make use of online portal and social media where they get effective response from their existing customers in the form of reviews. These reviews help them in making sales among new market (Stolley & Watson, 2012).
Business sector is exceptionally focused and the clients are more requesting than any time in recent memory which constrains the associations to give better quality administrations and to this they have to embrace the adjustments in the business sectors which can be in political, prudent, social or innovative shape however in the event that the associations neglect to react to these adjustments in the business sector, it has a few results:
In this way, plainly when the organizations are not ready to react to the adjustments in the business sector, they generally lose their piece of the overall industry, clients and business in the business sector. Hence the likely consequences of the travel and tourism sector affect the sites directly and potentially they diverted the tourists coming to these sites. Hence the authorities should make the proper arrangements in order to make the sites attractive and impressive. Although to make a site comfortable for tourists there are lots of efforts related with the tourists themselves like they need to take care the proper arrangements of the place as well as the cleanliness of the place to make them more beautiful (Inkson & Minnaert, 2012).
It can be reasoned that because of globalization, Travel and Tourism industry has seen a noteworthy change and has seen a massive development. There are some present issues which influence the tourism in different nations like political agitation or terrorism exercises which have brought about the decrease of visitors. Distinctive business methodologies have additionally been examined for British aviation routes and Iberia carriers. These above talked about contemporary issues assumes a critical part in the travel and tourism industry and these can be mulled over for future achievement and development of the travel business.
Cohen, E. & Cohen, S.A. 2012, "Current sociological theories and issues in tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 2177-2202.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. & Campbell, D. 2012;2003;2002;, Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism, Taylor and Francis, Jordan Hill.
Grimshaw, M. 2008;2014;2012;, Bibles and Baedekers: Tourism, Travel, Exile and God, Routledge Ltd, Hoboken.
Hall, D.R. 2011, "Tourism development in contemporary Central and Eastern Europe: Challenges for the industry and key issues for researchers", HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 5-12.
Inkson, C. & Minnaert, L. 2012, Tourism management: an introduction, SAGE, Los Angeles.
Jovanovic, S.S. 2015, "SMALL FORM TOURISM - CONTEMPORARY TREND AND DURABLE DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY: Case Study of Surcin Tourist Destination", Quaestus, , no. 6, pp. 214
Law, R., Leung, R., Lo, A., Leung, D. & Fong, L.H.N. 2015, "Distribution channel in hospitality and tourism: Revisiting disintermediation from the perspectives of hotels and travel agencies", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 431-452.
McWha, M.R., Frost, W., Laing, J. & Best, G. 2016;2015;, "Writing for the anti-tourist? Imagining the contemporary travel magazine reader as an authentic experience seeker",Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 85-15.
Medlik, S. 2012;2003;, Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality, 3rd;3; edn, Taylor and Francis, Jordan Hill.
Nair, V. & Hussain, K. 2013, "Conclusions: contemporary responsible rural tourism innovations: What are the emerging contemporary rural tourism innovations and how are they enhancing responsible tourism practices in Malaysia?", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 412-416.