Individual Essay – A2
Learning is the process of the acquisition of skills or knowledge through experience or study (Budilova, 2018). This assignment will cover different topics related to learning including theories and other details. The theory that will be discussed in this assignment is Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Different bits of intelligence that are outlined in this theory will be discussed in the essay. Besides this, teaching methods will also be explained that can be used by teachers to help students learn.
Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Garner in the year 1983. The theory explains that there is total eight types of intelligence that define the learning capability of the individual. The theory has faced criticism from educators and psychologists as well. People argued that the theory is too broad and represent the abilities, traits, and talents of the individual. The illustration is represented below that explains the different types of intelligence (Rudenok et al., 2020).
Figure 1: Types of intelligence
The different types of intelligence are explained below:
The theory explains that the people who are visual-spatial are able to visualize things while listening to them. Also, people with visual-spatial intelligence are good with directions as well as videos, pictures, charts, and maps (Rudenok et al., 2020). The main strength of these people is spatial judgment. The characteristics of these people include reading and writing for enjoyment. They are capable of recognizing patterns easily including interpretation of graphs, pictures, and charts. People with visual-spatial intelligence enjoy activities such as painting, drawing, and visual arts. The best career option for these people can be becoming an artist, engineer, or artist (Rudenok et al., 2020).
The second type of intelligence explained in the theory is linguistic-verbal intelligence. These types of leaners are capable of using effective terms while speaking and writing. The most important thing about these learners is that they are good at reading, memorizing information, and writing stories (Rudenok et al., 2020). The main strengths of these types of learners include language, words, and writing. The best thing about people in this category is that they are able to remember spoken and written information. These people are highly interested in performing seminars and giving the speech. They are capable of explaining any topic in a very effective manner. The potential career choices for these people can be becoming a lawyer, teacher, or journalist (Rudenok et al., 2020).
Moreover, the third type of intelligence explained in the theory is logical-mathematical intelligence. The individuals who acquire this type of intelligence are strong in solving problems such as reasoning, logically analysing patterns, and recognizing various patterns. These individuals are capable of thinking conceptually about patterns, numbers, and relationships (Simonsen and de Almeida, 2020). The major strengths of these people are considered mathematical operations and analysing programs. These people acquire effective problem-solving skills and are interested in conducting various scientific experiments. They are also capable of solving complex computations easily. These people can choose their career paths as a mathematician, accountants, engineers, and computer programmers (Simonsen and de Almeida, 2020).
Some people acquire the quality of bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence. These people are good at performing actions, body movement, and physical control. The hand-eye coordination of this type of person is very strong. The main strength of people with bodily-Kinesthetic people is motor control and physical movement (Simonsen and de Almeida, 2020). They mostly get involved in activities that include body movements such as dancing, yoga, and sports. These people have a great quality of remembering things through doing it. They have great physical coordination, and they are highly skilled at sports and dancing. The profession that is chosen by these people includes sculptor, dancer, actor, or builder (Simonsen and de Almeida, 2020).
The musical intelligence can be easily understood by its name. People with musical intelligence have a strong sense of thinking in patterns, sounds, and rhythms. These people are highly interested in performing activities related to music such as musical performance and musical composition. They can easily remember melodies and songs that they plan to perform in front of others. In addition to this, they have a great understanding of rhythm, notes, and musical structure. The potential career choices for these people can be singer, composer, music teacher, and musician (Shaari et al., 2019).
Interpersonal intelligence is the type of intelligence in which individuals have the ability to interact with others and understand them. These people are very skilled at assessing the desires, emotions, motivations, and intentions of the people who are available around them. The main strength of people with musical intelligence is considered as understanding and convincing others (Shaari et al., 2019). They verbally communicate so well and are skilled in non-verbal communication as well. These people know the way of creating positive relationships with others. They are habitual of looking at situations from different perspectives. They develop positive relationships with others that last for the long term. The appropriate career choice for this kind of person can be a politician, philosopher, counsellor, and salesperson (Shaari et al., 2019).
The theory has explained that people with strong intrapersonal intelligence stay aware of their feelings, emotional states, and motivations. They focus on enjoying self-reflection and doing self-analysis that includes maintaining relationships with others, assessment of personal strengths, and exploring relationships with new people (Alqudah and Alqudah, 2021). The major strengths of these people are self-reflection and introspection. They are capable of identifying their strengths and weaknesses that allow them to develop their personality. They know the exact reason regarding their feelings and motivations. The profession that will be appropriate for these people is theorist, scientist, writer, and philosopher (Alqudah and Alqudah, 2021).
The last type of intelligence that is explained in the theory is naturalistic intelligence. This is recently added in Gardner’s theory, and it is considered as the opposite to all other intelligence. Individuals with naturalistic intelligence are interested in exploring new places and learning about new species. Also, they stay aware of smaller and bigger changes in the environment (Alqudah and Alqudah, 2021). The major strengths in this type of people are that they make a relationship with nature and easily find the pattern. People with naturalistic intelligence are interested in studying subjects such as zoology, biology, and botany. They enjoy activities that are related to nature such as hiking, gardening, camping, and exploring outdoors. The best career option for these people is becoming a Gardner, farmer, conservationist, or biologist (Alqudah and Alqudah, 2021).
There are different methods that can be used by the teacher to help students in learning. These methods will be explained in the assignment. One of the methods that can be used by the teacher is an enquiry-based method. In this method, the teacher is supposed to ask some questions to the students to identify their choice of subject. This method will help the teacher to understand the thoughts of the student and the teacher can also guide students that which subject they should choose by knowing their interests (Sivarajah et al., 2019). For example, if any student has strong musical intelligence, then the student should focus on rhythm and music. However, if the student acquires bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence then they should focus on physical activities such as dancing and sports. In this way, the teacher can identify the interests of students and provide them with appropriate suggestions (Sivarajah et al., 2019).
Moreover, the teacher can also use the method of brainstorming during which the teacher should allow the group of students to discuss the specific topic. The method will be helpful for students to gain knowledge on a specific topic. In addition to this, the student will also be able to improve their communication skills and increase their confidence level when they will be allowed to participate in group discussions (Panula et al., 2019). Students can also improve their knowledge skills because all the participants will their knowledge regarding the subject during the group discussion. The brainstorming session will also allow students to listen to different opinions and develop critical-thinking skills. The main benefit of brainstorming is that it fosters a sense of buy-in and build up camaraderie (Panula et al., 2019).
The teachers can also provide a form to students in which all the details regarding intelligence will be provided. Students can fill out the form according to their interests and the teacher will be able to know the interest of the student. This form will help the teacher to understand the thoughts of students and the teacher can give appropriate suggestions to the students. This strategy will also promote critical thinking because students will introduce new concepts in the class (Panula et al., 2019). The method of teaching that can be used by teachers for students with visual-spatial intelligence is visual aids. During this method, the teacher can play a module in the class and show pictures and videos that will help the students to learn the concepts through visualizing. Visual aids include projectors, smart boards, infographics, posters, charts, and checklists. The main benefit of visual learning is that the individual can store the information for the long term. Also, it makes the process of communication simpler and quicker (Panula et al., 2019).
The three main types of learners that are present in the class include auditory learners, visual learners, and Kinesthetic learners. The teacher can divide students into these three categories to improve the style of teaching. The learners who can effectively learn through drawings, graphs, maps, and images are known as visual learners. The students who can learn effectively through speaking and hearing new information are known as auditory learners. Besides this, the students who prefer learning things through touching, experiencing, and performing tasks are considered Kinesthetic learners or tactile learners. If the teacher will divide the students into three categories, then it will be easy for the teacher to explain the topics to the students. Also, students will give much better outcomes when they will be taught according to their satisfaction. In this way, the style of teaching can impact the growth of students (Norboevna and Husenovich, 2020).
Apart from this, the teacher can also use project-based learning method of teaching that is considered as the student-centred approach. In this type of teaching method, teacher can provide some projects to the students and can provide them some time duration in which the project is required to be completed. This approach will help teachers to develop many skills in the students such as research skills, knowledge skills, decision-making skills, critical thing skills (Rudenok et al., 2020). Also, this will allow group of students to collaborate with each other that will be helpful in increasing the level of confidence. The main benefit of using project-based learning is that it will allow teachers to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the students. If the teachers will know the weakness of particular student, then they can provide them strategies that can be used to overcome the difficulties that they are facing (Rudenok et al., 2020).
The assignment is prepared in form of an essay that covers the most important theory of intelligence that is Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence. There are a total of eight types of intelligence that is explained in this assignment. The professional that can be selected by people of a specific type of intelligence is also identified. In addition to this, different methods are explained that can be used by teachers to effectively teach the students. The different methods that are explained in the class are an enquiry-based model, brainstorming, and categorizing the students.
REFERENCES
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Rudenok, A., Zakharasevych, N., Antonova, Z., Zhylovska, T. and Falynska, Z.(2020). Assessing the Level of Verbal Intelligence in Preschool Children as Important Element of Cognitive Abilities. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(2), pp.189-198.
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