Agile Project Management in Travel

The development of technologies and increasing globalization have connected all the countries and created a global village. Travel and tourism are increasing day by day due to the increment in the population of the world and the increment in the transfer of consumer goods and services. Due to the development of technology and cheaper prices of transportation, a massive population visits the different destinations of the world. Due to the increment in tourism, good development in the economy of different countries can be seen. The growth of complexity and volume in the tourism industry has produced a need for the development of the real tourist industry (Sofronov, 2018). Project management is an area of business management in which the project manager is responsible for the management of the project. With the help of project management, different organizations and firms can manage their work in different situations. Management of the project can help the company to reduce mistakes and delay in work (Jena and Satpathy, 2017). Project management is referred to the planning, organization, and monitoring of the different project aspects for achieving all the objectives safely, in the success of the project, all the factors like project manager qualities, project team skills, and structure of the organization in which the project is carried out (Radujkovi? and Sjekavica, 2017). In the modern world, all the industries are experiencing the technological revolution, which will consist of cyber-physical systems, which will include big data, the internet of things, and cloud computing. For the effective development of new systems and management of the different industries appropriate method of project management is needed. In the classical project management methodologies, all the processes are complex and hard to change during the project period (Pajares, et. al., 2017). Agile methodologies are used in the world, and it is differentiated into 20 types. Adoption of the project methodology depends on the type of the project and the industry in which it is carried out. In a company, project management methodology is adopted according to the level of the employees. The project preparation phase is important after the employee analysis phase is conducted. After these phases, the project methodology is selected. The agile project methodology is one of the most suitable project methodologies, which can be changed according to the characteristics of the team, employees, and structure of the organization (Rasnacis and Berzisa, 2017). In the tourism industry, the hotel industry is very important, and the industry must make a successful project. The main reasons for the failure of the project are lack of motivation, lack of abilities, lack of perseverance, fear of incompetence, fear of unknown risk, and change target not being transferred. For reducing the risk of project failure, a flexible project management methodology should be used. All the processes of the company should be smoothly operated so that no failure can occur and no complaints can come from the guests and visitors (Turginbayeva, et. al., 2020). In the modern world, software development is accelerating day by day, so effective project management software is needed for completing all the requirements of the companies of the different sectors. Different companies are using modern software and techniques to tackle the different conditions in the firm. Agile knowledge management can be created for the organization, which can help the company in the growth of its products and services. Travel and tourism industry firms have to manage the different tourists and resources for the effective operation of the business processes. Software is needed for the firm to manage all the visitors and records for providing effective services to the visitors and guests (Thomas, 2021). Agile software can help the company effectively change the strategies of business management. This type of system can be useful in all the firms of travel and tourism, whether it is food or beverage companies and transportation.

1.2 Problem statement

The travel and tourism industry consists of different firms, and all the companies work in a dynamic environment because of the different environmental factors and internal factors of the organization. There is a gap in existing literature as a lot of research has been focused on travel concerning management and its techniques like agile project management different management software like enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management. Paying less attention to project management software in the travel and tourism industry. The tourism industry is facing challenges due to a lack of management skills, less standardized human resource practices, lack of workforce (Kulkarni and Modi, 2020). This industry faces issues due to the less flexible systems and dynamic nature of the industry, so agile project management software is needed for the firms in this sector.

1.3 Aim

This study to understand the use of Agile Project Management software and tools within the travel industry and its contribution to the success of timely management of daily operations in the travel and tourism industry in the UK.

1.4 Objectives

To understand the contribution of Agile Project Management in the Travel industry of the countries like the UK over the past few decades, focusing on benefits and constraints in using it.
To evaluate how project management software and tools help in reducing the turnaround time and help in operations, planning, and monitoring of workflow in the Travel industry.
Analysis of various project management software that can contribute to the success rate and growth factor of the Travel industry.

1.5 Research questions

The research in place aims to answer the following questions:

What is the impact of agile project management in the travel and tourism industry?
What will be the challenges faced when applying Agile Development principles to the Travel industry of the countries like the UK and Europe?

1.6 Significance of research

This research work will provide a brief knowledge about the agile project management software and its use in the travel and tourism industry of the countries like the UK. This study will also provide knowledge about the need for agile project management in the travel and tourism industry. With the help of this study, readers will gain knowledge about the challenges which can be faced by different organizations during the implementation of the agile development principle. This study may contribute to helping the various firms to deploy agile project management software in the workplace.

1.7 Structure of the report

In the first chapter of the report introduction of the research work will be presented, which will provide brief knowledge about the background, aim, objectives, research questions, and problem statement, along with the significance of the research work. In the second chapter of the research work, a literature review of the work will be presented for a brief explanation of the research questions and objectives. In the literature review, different articles and journals will be used. In the third chapter of the research, the work methodology of the research work will be presented to provide brief knowledge about the different methods and approaches of the research work. In the fourth chapter of the research work, a discussion of the work will be presented. In the fifth chapter of the research, the work result of the research will be presented. In the sixth chapter of the research, a work conclusion will be provided. The last section of the research work recommendation and references will be attached.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Impact of Project management in the travel industry.

The tourism industry has become the most important aspect for many countries as it has become the biggest social and economic factor in the development of many countries. According to Kuzumenko, et. al. (2018), the travel and tourism industry has been acting up a catalyst that helps make effective economic growth for the country. This is the reason that governments of different countries have been making efforts to create effective strategies and methods so that the tourism industry can be boosted and help them even more, which help them in creating an environment where tourists will feel welcomed in the country (Kuzumenko, et. al., 2018). According to Khan, et. al. (2020), the tourism industry has played one of the biggest roles in developing the global economy. This is the reason that almost every country in the world work on improving the tourism industry so that maximum tourist can visit the country. There are different factors that can affect the tourism industry in both positive and negative manner. According to Jarvis, et. al. (2016), the main factor that attracts tourists to visit a destination is mainly because of the feature and hospitality of the country. Hospitality feature is the biggest factor that can affect tourism because if the author does not feel welcome in the country and the facilities that have not been great, that can affect the tourist visit rate. To the research of Ruan and Tian (2019), the tourism industry is very wide, and this industry helps improve the country's global economy. As the world getting advances and with these changes, the tourism industry has also changed and currently, it is associated with the dynamic and fast-changing business environment (Ruan and Tian, 2019). This constant change and advancement in the world have created huge uncertainties in the businesses related to tourism. These uncertainties have also increased the risk to the whole industry, and this increase in the risk can affect the tourism industry. According to Hua (2016), these risks have completely affected the system's overall working, and the touring and travelling industry has been affected by them the most. This is why it is important for the tourist industry which helps develop an effective understanding of the changes that will occur in the travelling industry and will help manage all the changes that have occurred in the system (Hua, 2016). The project management of the tourism industry helps in creating a comprehensive understanding of how to develop the strategies and methods to improve the overall working of the project management. According to Sofronov (2017), with this constantly changing environment, the tourism industry has been focusing on achieving sustainability because sustainable tourism can be used to define the improvement in all forms of tourism and tourism management so that the social and economic environment can be managed effectively and help them in developing an understanding about how to save the environment without the affecting the overall economy and social growth of the country. Countries like the Maldives and Thailand have built most of their economy through the tourism industry. In many countries where many cents of the overall economy has been boosted by the tourism industry (Bunghez, 2016). In western countries like Germany and Iceland, the governments have been developing different methods that have been used for the completed projects. Projectification is measured as the overall share of the project work from the total work. Project management help in developing strategies based on the size and structure of the industry (Schoper, et. al., 2018). The current era is the digital era, which greatly impacts the travel industry. The increase in digital platforms like websites has made the travel of people to a different countries a lot easier. According to the research of Al Shammare, et. al. (2019), the development of an e-commerce website helps tourists in planning their travel very easy and effective. As the use of the internet increases, the travel and tourism industry has managed to adapt its use in the organization, which helps in developing an effective platform for users to book the trip using a single platform. The issue that occurs with the use of online platforms is related to the lack of understanding of the factors that can be used for the success of an e-commerce platform (Al Shammare, et. al., 2019). According to Miloradov and Eidlina (2018), the development of the tourism industry and the ease that digital innovation have increased the travelling of people to different places. However, the effective project management strategy helps improve the experience of the people and keeps the economy of the country boosted and the environment safe. This is the reason that project management is the most important for any industry, including the tourism industry, and it helps in improving the functions and facilities of the industry. According to Ohlan (2017), there is a relation between tourism and a country's overall financial and economic growth. If the country has an effective tourism facility, then the financial development of the country improves, and it helps in boosting the economy. As time changes, the management process of the tourism industry also changes, and the requirement of the tourist also change. To meet the requirement of the tourist and improve the tourism industry, project management strategies are helpful in changing the strategies that help improve the tourism industry to improve the economy of the country.

2.2 Current issues faced by the travel industry due to the use of methods that do not involve technology.

The current issues that occur in the travel and tourism industry are related to nature. Different researches have been conducted on understanding what occurs in the tourism and travel industry and due to travel and tourism industry. According to Thams, et. al. (2020), the travel and tourism industries face so many challenges like increased inflation rate, taxation, security and risk of tourists, borders and regulatory issues, and seasonal dependency. The regular changes in the currency exchange rate are not predictable, and that can reduce the profitability of the travel and tourism industry. In some countries like the UK tourism industry have high tax, and that increase travelling cost. Some taxes like transportation tax, hotel service tax, luxury tax, and aviation fuel tax affect the travel industry. The prime challenge in the travel and tourism industry is the security of tourists. Some risks that are associated with travel are political groups and terrorism. According to Sisneros-Kidd, et. al. (2019), the most recent challenges that have been identified and likely to occur in the tourism industry include the change in the climate and some global changes. The tourism industry is one of the key factors for the social and economic development of the countries, and nature is the biggest source of attracting tourists (Sisneros-Kidd, et. al., 2019). In the last 4 to 5 years, tourism has increased a lot it is mainly because of factors like mobility, leisure and gaining unique experiences (Milano, et. al., 2019). These factors are the reason that the tourism industry has significant growth, and they can affect the overall performance of the organization. This leads to occur in "Over tourism", which defines the unwanted increase in the number of tourists visiting single-site again and again (Milano, et. al., 2019). This increase in the number of tourists increases the problem for nature and the people living there as it can lead to change in the climate and an increase in the vehicles, which increase the pollution. As per the research of Gurtner (2016), the growth of the industry has changed a lot in the past year. This change has increased international tourism, but the internal issues of any country have also affected the tourism industry. Countries like Indonesia, where tourists prefer to visit frequently, have faced depletion due to various internal issues like the bombing in Bali (Gurtner, 2016). So, the management of internal factors in the country is also important so that tourists can feel safe visiting.

According to Kyrylov, et. al. (2020), apart from the damage to nature and problem that occurs due to internal issues in any country, the tourism industry also faces issue due to the global pandemic, which has affected the tourism industry all over the world. This global pandemic has greatly affected the globalization process, and international tourism has been reduced a lot. This global pandemic has completely shut down international travel. Due to this, many small countries have to face a decrease in their economy because international travel is important for the organization.

According to Connell, et. al. (2015), tourism also depends on the season, which means that there will be a particular time when the rush of the tourist visit can be high compared to the number of people visiting throughout the year. This sudden increase in the visit of people to a place can affect the management of the country and due to which many tourists can face issues due to lack of management (Connell, et. al., 2015). The rush of tourists can be increased at any point in time for any special event like the Olympics or any other event. This is the reason that a country can face some mismanagement in their tourism industry which can create a problem for the organization. Li, et. al. (2017) compare smart tourism and traditional tourism, and the methods that the government used to manage and improve the tourism industry cannot be helpful in the current environment. The management of the travel and tourism industry can be done by implementing different technologies and using project management strategies to make it smart tourism (Tase, et. al., 2019). Smart tourism is the concept or a system that can be helpful in making the tour of the industry smart and effective.

According to Kaur (2017), the involvement of the new technology is important as time changes, and tourist wants a virtual tour before their actual tour. It means that tourists want to see the hotels and places before booking the trip, and this is why digital technologies come into action. The new technology helps the travel organization upload information about the sites of different countries and the prices and accommodation details. This helps the people in planning their trip in a way that they want after doing thorough research before planning a trip.

The traditional methods were not able to keep up with the requirement of the people, and currently, people require a traditional platform where they can easily check and book their trip without going to any other place. According to Jovicic (2017), due to this lack of ability to satisfy the customer's needs, the new method that involves technology helps develop a platform for satisfying the customer's needs. This implementation of new technologies and methods can help solve different issues that can occur because of massive tourism. According to Carr, et. al. (2016), This new technology can help develop new methods to achieve sustainability in tourism.

Some regularity and border-related issues like slow and difficult visa procedures and poor infrastructure management affect the customers. Because of non-attainment and approvals on time, some hotel and tourism infrastructure got delayed (Thams, et. al., 2020). In addition, according to Jorgensen and McKercher (2019), one of the main challenges in the travel and tourism industry is to maintain sustainability and maintain the sustainability two factors are considered. These two factors are ecological impact and climate change. The sudden climate change in a country's reduced customer interest affects the tour and travel industry (Jorgensen and McKercher, 2019). Sudden changes in the environment like a flood, natural disaster, animal interaction affect customer interest and tour and travel business

2.3 Importance and Use of Agile framework in project management

According to Zuzek, et. al. (2020), traditional project management is not able to deal with the challenges like unstable requirements, high rates of change and increasing complexity. Agile project management practices manage the project by breaking it into several phases. The agile methodology is best to shift the priorities of a project, and because of this, stakeholders are more interested in these practices (Zuzek, et. al., 2020). in addition according to Ciric, et. al. (2018), these are three agile project management practices daily stand-up, retrospective and customer software demos that are used while project development. According to Loiro, et. al. (2019), including agility in the management of projects embraces the changes in the company in a very effective way and leads the organization towards development. Agility in a business firm is essential in various aspects, such as enhancing communication motivation for the employees to work with full potential and helps in the management of quality and satisfaction from the client. Loiro, et. al. (2019) also explained that frameworks of agile technology help in the ongoing project in the achievement of the goal and simplify the project's complexity. Mircea (2019) explained in the research model that the IT market in a very effective manner after the implementation of globalization in the world, and by supporting the research conducted by Loiro, et. al. (2019), stated that this change in the IT industry leads to modification in which the new technologies are taking the place of previous one and eliminating them or effectively. Mircea (2019) also explained that two major methodologies were used in this Agile technology: Scrum and Kan-Ban. Scrum is more effective than Kan-Ban due to its faster decision-making process, and this is why scrum has become the first preference of companies that are in the business of tours and travels in the UK. The APM practices for a project include the use of iterative planning, development process and activities by using the self-directed team in the project plan, project plan updating and monitoring process, and use of the concept of ‘project vision’.

According to Noteboom, et. al. (2021), agile methodology is more effective than the traditional techniques used in project management. The traditional project management (APM) methodology uses the method of triple constraint, which consists of time, cost, and quality. In contrast, agile project management works on the iterative work approach, which supports the rapid change in project management and provides sustainability in this challenging world (Linke, 2019). The APM helps a project in various aspects like facing global competition, maintaining the demand from the side of the customer, and accelerating the rate of production in the project.

Ismail and Mansor (2018) support the study of Noteboom, et. al. (2021) and discusses the challenges and issues raised in the path during the management of the project with agile methodology. According to Ismail and Mansor (2018), a major challenge that occurs in the path of APM is the structure of the organization and the leading group of the project. By supporting the research Koi-Akrofi, et. al. (2019), also describes the issues in the implantation of agile methodology in project management; they describe that APM often fails at the time of complex decision-making part such as in health care, military actions, etc.

One more major drawback of this methodology is the difference in the final product as in the starting. There is no proper plan made for the design or management of the project. The research of Sindhwani, et. al. (2019) discussed the effect of agile project management (APM) in the medical department and described that the health department is developing and implementing the technologies vastly as the demand is increasing day by day. This methodology is used in the health department to reduce difficulties rising (Dingsoyr, et. al., 2019). The agile technology in the medical department helps in the enhancement of the department. It can be able to maintain the quality of service for the patients at an optimized cost.

Agile practices will increase the communication and transparency between the team and will provide continuous improvement and collaboration with the customers. It has become a cutting-edge method to deliver customer values while facing the already presented project unpredictability. The five key business objectives of Agile project management are product adaptability that delivers customer’s future requirements, process and people adaptability that helps a project to respond rapidly to business and project change, reliable output or result to enhance business profitability and growth, regular innovation to fulfil the current requirement of customer, reduced deliver scheduled that helps to improve the ROI (rate of investment). Some APM practices are easily manageable and adaptable, and helpful for developers in the early project stages (Ciric, et. al., 2018). These agile methodologies can be applied separately or with the traditional project management method without affecting their benefits

2.4 Impact of Agile framework on the travel industry

According to Dilger, et. al. (2020), agile methodology saves money and time, and according to the agile manifesto, the working of the agile team should be on the working software rather than comprehensive documentation. Documentation should be created only when it is necessary, and there are many drawbacks to writing detailed documents. Software development refers to designing the software from beginning to end. According to Richter and Dragoeva (2021), The free working space organisation can adopt agile methodology easily. A travel company that has a high level of discipline will face a lot of difficulties while applying agile methods (Richter and Dragoeva, 2021). An organization’s culture is the main factor when applying the agile methodology. The tour and travel industry can face a lot of problems because of the industry’s hierarchy while applying the agile methodology. The tour and travels sector needs to adopt changes quickly to maintain the business requirement and for that agile methodology to be effective (Dilger, et. al., 2020). Agile methodology is very successful in product development that helps companies to develop small or medium-sized products. As per De Borba, et. al. (2019), this methodology is best to develop custom system development, where there are not a lot of external regulations and rules. This will enhance the incremental development system approaches and customer satisfaction. Tour and travel companies can implement an air-travel reservation system, and that will reduce the issues while bookings (Altaf, et. al., 2019). According to Beerbaum (2021), agile teams don’t have managers to manage the team and travel, and tourism management can be hectic. This is why agile management can be helpful because the agile team is a self-managed team. There should be a supporting role for the team. Traditional management should be implemented in the tour and travel industry to estimate deadlines and analyse people’s performance. In the travel sector, a manager should be appointed to ensure the travel arrangements and make changes according to the situation (Beerbaum, 2021). The new agile team can get confused to making decisions, and the agile team is not controlled by the top management. According to Dingsoyr, et. al. (2019), While selecting to follow the agile principles, it is necessary to be careful while choosing a project team. There is a difference between practising agile and being agile (Dingsoyr, et. al., 2019). Not having enough ability to run the project will resultant to fall of the project, and that will make the team a non-agile team. Agile methodology has the ability to find problems and create solutions accordingly (De Borba, et. al., 2019). Tour and travels companies are needed to track what changes their competitors are making to attract the customer and market. To track the necessary data preparing a full required document is time-consuming but agile methodology can solve this problem efficiently and effectively.

2.5 Challenges faced due to Agile principles

The development of the software has increased, and the use of the agile framework has also increased, which means that the development of the software can be completed in an effective way. As per the research of Oueslati, et. al. (2015), there are different sets of challenges that are associated with the use of the agility e development approach and that are mainly because of the lack of understanding. This lack of understanding about the agile framework can effectively affect the overall working of the agile framework in software development. According to the research of Atzberger and Paetzold (2019), the agile framework has been applied for the development of the hardware-based product because of the benefits it brings, like volatile and uncertain. However, some complications still occur when the concepts of the agile framework are applied to the development of the hardware. The main problem that occurs with the use of the agile framework for the development of the hardware system is the complexity that occurs in the development (Koi-Akrofi, Koi-Akrofi and Matey, 2019). As per the research of Almeida (2017), there are different reasons that can be faced due to the development of the software using the agile framework. Traditionally, software development has different methodologies that have constantly been changing. Due to constantly changing and an increase in the demand of customers, traditional methods were not able to work properly. However, the migration process from the traditional method can be difficult, and when the transfer has been done to the agile framework, it can bring a lot of other challenges (Almeida, 2017). The main reason why the challenges occur during the transferring of the data from one model to another is because of the difference in the working of models. One of the challenges that is faced while implementing agile project management is time estimation (Stray, et. al., 2018). The project is required frequent changes that affect the estimated time calculations. The working team should estimate the changes and time that are required to complete the project. According to Cooper and Sommer (2018), estimation is helpful to make a significant decision, and estimation provides more value to the customer.

As per the research of Theobald and Diebold (2018), agile software is a very widespread method that can be used to develop software. The reason is that migrating to agile from any other system can be difficult. It is because of the difference in the interface of the agile framework and the non-agile framework. This is the reason that migration to the agile framework brings a lot of challenges, and it can become difficult to adapt to the challenges (Qzkan and Tarhan, 2019). As per the research of Ozkan and Tarhan (2019), the main issues that are related to the agile framework are the scalability challenges that occur in the agile framework, which affect the understandability of the person. According to Ozkan and Tarhan (2019), This issue of scalability prevents people from using it for the development of the software, and different agile framework also affects the overall ability to think and develop an understanding of the overall problem. According to Raharjo and Purwandari (2020), the best way to communicate is face to face and interactive. Remote communication is not effective compared to face to face. Interactive communication increases productivity and reduces errors while the development of the project (Raharjo and Purwandari, 2020). The agile team should avoid the use of communication tools for effective working.

As per the research of Goel, et. al. (2020), the pandemic has changed the overall working of the industries. The travel and tourism industry are those industries that get affected the most are the tourism and travel industry. The organizations and industries related to tourism and travelling have to change their way of working so that the changes that a pandemic brings can be adapted easily (Del Valle, 2020). According to the research of Murat (2016), the use of software has increased in the daily life of people, and this has changed the overall working ability of everything that has been using it. This increase in the use has also increased the demand for the new and optimal development method of software processes, which leads to managing the projects (Gandomani, et. al., 2020). Agile software is the method that can be helpful in managing the project and helping in maintaining the quality of software, and having the ability to match the requirement of the people (Sharma, Thomas and Paul, 2021). The travel industry has the highest requirement. According to Murat (2016), The agile framework can solve the issue, but due to difficulty in adaption, the agile framework can affect its effective use of the agile framework. According to Simonofski et. al. (2019), people that work on agile projects don’t understand their responsibilities and what needs to be done to make a project successful. People don’t adopt new values and rules that are required. One of the difficult tasks in the agile method is to change the mindset of the people (Simonofski, et. al., 2019). To successfully implement the agile methods in the system travel and tourism industry needs to change the mindset of the agile team according to the project requirements. According to Dumitriu et. al. (2019), A experienced PO is necessary to implement the agile project management practices effectively. The PO needs to identify the project requirements and prioritise the necessary backlogs (Dumitriu, et. al., 2019). The project requirements should be provided at the staring of the project for better results. The availability of the agile framework can affect the overall working of the software if did not adapt effectively, as it can completely ruin the understanding of the managing software and can affect its overall working. According to Heijden, et. al. (2018), one of the biggest challenges of the agile framework is its lack of security. In the current era, cyberattacks have increased a lot, which can affect the overall working of the software and steal the overall data (Ram, et. al., 2018). This is the reason that it is important to install an additional security framework that can improve security (Hejiden, et. al., 2018). It is helpful for the travel industry because of the increase in the development of e-commerce tourism websites. The agile software needs to work effectively so that it can remain secure. The change in the environment has increased the demand for using agile software because of its ability to make the software dynamic and easy to change, but in the travel industry, the competition is very tough, and an agile framework can be helpful in making the working effective. It can only work effectively if it is implemented successfully. If not, it can affect the integrity of the overall website or the software that is going to be used.

Chapter 3 Methodology

3.1 Introduction

Research methodology can be defined as the combination of different methods or tactics that are mainly used for assembling all the relevant information for the research so that the research can be completed effectively. According to Snyder (2019), The research methodology can also be defined as the procedure that represents the different procedures that are implemented in the research work so that all the information related to the research can be analyzed properly and effectively. The methodology helps in obtaining the result that has been desired before the researchers have begun, which provides clear information. According to Nayak and Singh (2021), the research methodology is also seen as the combination of theories that are primary and investigative, which helps in making the research much more effective. The research methodology also helps in defining and following the rules that are ontological, which helps the researcher to prove the significance of the research. In this work, the research methodology used is called the derived type of methodology, which helps in analysing and using the secondary data. This methodology is divided into different sections that include the philosophy, research approach, research strategy, data collection, data analysis, time horizon, ethical consideration and limitation. The research work is focused on understanding the role of agile project management practices in the travel and tourism industry. The different aspects of the research methodology have been discussed briefly, and all the methods that have been used are appropriate based on the information required in the research. This is the reason that methods that are going to be used in the system are selected very precisely so that research can remain focused on the topic and remain significant throughout. These steps help in making the research much more accurate and effective so that research can remain accurate and effective and improve the understanding of the reader.

3.2 Research Philosophy

Research philosophy has mainly three different paradigms that have been used mainly work as the guidance of the researcher that can be helpful in guidance of the research related to the design of the research, collection of the data and analysis. The definition of the research philosophy is simple as it represents the singularity that can be helpful for the research work. Apart from representing singularity in the report, it also helps in defining the path that has been followed towards the information that has been collected to improve the process of the research. According to Abebe (2021), the research philosophy can be defined as the combination of different relevant information that can help in retrieving information that can be used for retrieving the required information from the collected information. In the research work, there are different research philosophies that have been discussed which can be helpful in the completion of the research. According to Zukauskas, et. al. (2018), the research philosophies that are presented in the system are positivism, realism, interpretivism, and pragmatism can be used. In most of the research works, the philosophy that is going to be used is positivism, and what has been used majorly is positivism philosophy. The reason why many research works have used positivism philosophy is because of the data collected. But in this research, the philosophy that has been used is interpretivism. The reason that this research philosophy has been used is that in this research, no practical implementation or primary data is going to be used. This is why the research philosophy selected for the research is interpretivism because it can work effectively with the secondary data.

3.3 Research Approach

Research approaches have been used for defining the plan that is used for the completion of the research, and it includes a context that can be used for creating a link between the methods that have been used for the research. The methods included with the assumptions is related to data collection and analyzing and developing different interpretation. The research approach is also helpful for the researcher to effectively develop findings and improve the understanding of the result effectively. According to Bollinger, et. al. (2021), the research helps the researcher in progress the research question and hypotheses that can improve the understanding of all the information. There are mainly two approaches that are present in the systems and used in the research methodology, and the name of approaches present are inductive and deductive research approaches. The selection of the research approach is mainly based on the type of research, data available and other methods of the research. The deductive approach can be defined as a hypothesis-based approach that can be used in the process where the researchers want to prove literature and theories that have been tested (Machila, et. al., 2018). The inductive approach is used in the situation where the research is focused on the research questions. For the research work, the approach that is going to be used is the inductive approach because this research is also completed based on the research question prepared, and at the same time, only secondary data is going to be used. So this is the reason that the inductive research approach has been preferred over the deductive approach.

3.4 Research Strategies

The research strategy can be defined as the combination of different plans that can be helpful in providing a proper direction to all the researchers for not only conducting research but at the same time also helping them in completing the research much more accurately. There are different approaches that are present in the research strategy, and that includes experimental research, literature review research, and grounded theory (Gooyert, 2019). The use of the methods present in the research strategy is mainly based on the availability of data and what type of data presents or needs to be obtained to complete the research. Experimental research is used or supported in that research where a theory needs to be tested, and all the observation that is going to be made are present in a close and compact environment. In the case of the case study-based literature review, a deep analysis of the case study has been given and based on the analysis, the result of the work is generated. Based on the information required for the analysis of the case study, the data have been collected. The ground theory is different from both case study-based literature review and experimental theory. According to Project Guru (2020), the grounded theory has been used for the development of new theories based on the information present. For this research, grounded theory has been used because ground theory can be defined as the combination of an inductive approach and qualitative data, and both of them have been used in the research. Since only grounded theory has been used in work, it means that this research is completed on the basis of a mono-strategy. This is why all these theories have been used for the completion of the research.

3.5 Research Choice

For any research that has been done in the past or is currently in the process, the type of data is an important aspect, or it can also be said that data type is an important component of the research. Research choice is the part of the methodology that has been used for providing information about what type of data is mainly going to be used in the research. According to Melnikovas (2018), there are different types of research choices present, like mono, multi-method and mixed-method, and the selection of these choices is mainly completed based on the data that are available or the data that are required for the research. In all three methods, the main difference is how many types of data are going to be used for the research. Mono-method is used in the research where a single type of data has been used. It means that the data used will be either qualitative data or quantitative data. In the case of the mixed-method, both types of data are going to be used to complete the research, which means research will include qualitative and quantitative information. Multi-Method both data are used, but both of them are present in a very fixed amount or proportion. In this work, only qualitative data is going to be used as a secondary approach have been used in the research, which means the research choice for this research will be a mono method. By using the mono method, the objective of using the second method can be fulfilled effectively and precisely.

3.6 Time Horizon

Time horizon has been defined as the method that can be used for understanding the sequence of data collection. It helps in defining how many times data have been collected during the research work. The time horizon is the combination of the cross-sectional study and the longitudinal approach that helps in gathering effective information (Nind and Lewthwaite, 2018). As time horizon is the combination of both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches, however, both approaches are considered different. In the longitudinal method, the data is collected at different and multiple times. The cross-sectional method is exactly opposite to the longitudinal method because, in this method, all the data will be collected in a single point time. This is the reason that the prediction of the time horizon is difficult because it completely depends on the data collection, and the process of data collection directly depends on which type of data is required to complete the research. However, during the process of data collection, privacy or confidentiality of the data can differ, and if the confidentiality of data is compromised, that directly affects the research. This issue occurs mostly with the use of the longitudinal method, and this is why most of the research methods used the cross-sectional method of data collection. This is the reason that the time horizon method used for the research methods is a cross-sectional study, and the main reason behind the use of this method is because qualitative data is going to be used, which means that as the data is required, it will be collected.

3.7 Data collection

The data collection is the part of the research methodology which helps in providing information related to the use of that data in the research work. For the collection of data, there are mainly two sources one of the sources is the primary source and the second method of data collection is the secondary source. The primary source of the data is the source from which all the researchers will directly get or collect their data. The source of collecting primary data is the survey, interviews etc. In the primary sources of the data, the research uses the data that is directly collected from the responses provided by the general public. As per the research of Pandey and Pandey (2021) in case of secondary sources of data are those sources where the data that have been collected are already used and published. It means that in secondary sources, the data that has been collected is published and used by other researchers. The secondary sources of the data include research papers, articles or journals etc. According to Queiros, et. al. (2017), secondary data involves research articles and journals that can be used effectively for the use of information that is comprehensive. In this research work, only secondary data is going to be used, which means that the data that is going to be collected will be from the research articles. The research articles that are going to be selected are published in the last 5-6 years, and all the articles will have open access. If a paper satisfies the criteria, then that paper can be collected and used in the research.

3.8 Data analysis

Data analysis is a self-defining process because it is the method that is going to be used for the analysis of the data. The reason that data analysis is important is that it helps in retrieving the relevant and important information from the data. The analysis of the data is mainly depending on what type of data is used if the research contains qualitative data, which includes a research paper, then the thematic analysis is used. If the data collected is quantitative, then the method that is going to be used for the analysis of qualitative data is the descriptive and statistical analysis method. It is because quantitative data contains information that is present in the form of graphs and mathematical terms (Thompson Burdine, et. al., 2021). For the research, only qualitative data have been that are presented in the form of a research paper. So, for this research, thematic analysis is used, and the literature review method is going to be used for retrieving relevant information from the papers. The literature review helps in collecting all the required and effective data that can make the data much more accurate and effective.

3.9 Ethical consideration

Ethical consideration is the most important for the research projects as people have to ensure that research should not harm anyone’s values or sentiments (Broesch, et. al., 2020). The ethical consideration helps in effectively managing the work done in the research and is used for proving its authenticity. To complete this research effectively, ethical considerations have been used so that no issue can occur related to the work done in the research. If the research has set an ethical principle at the beginning, research can improve the overall performance of the research and make it better. The ethical consideration that has been taken in this research work is mainly related to the citations. As the research is only focused on collecting information using research papers and as the information present in another article is going to be used. For using the research of other people, proper credits need to be provided. This research has ensured that every author whose research has been used has been given proper credit for the research so that no ethical issue occurs during the research.

3.10 Limitation

This work aims to understand the role of agile methodology in the travel and tourism industry. The limitation that has been present in the research is mainly related to the practical implementation and source of data. In this research, no practical implementation has been done, which means that the research work that has been used is mostly based on the information gathered using secondary data collected from a research paper. This is the reason the first limitation of the research is that not a single method has been checked practically or implemented. The second limitation of the work is related to the data collected. Since only secondary research approaches have been used, which means that information collected from the papers. The information collected from the paper is effective but collecting information directly from the people can be much more effective and accurate.

Chapter 4: Result

The tourism industry has always played a crucial role in the economic and social growth of the country, and that can lead to the development of many countries. The travel and tourism industry has helped in improving the efficiency of the country and worked as the catalyst which can help in the growth of the country. This is the reason that governments of different countries from different parts of the world have been working effectively and developing new methods that can be used to improve the efficiency of the tourism industry and make tourists comfortable. The improvement of the tourism industry can only enhance if all the factors that can affect the travel and tourism industry in any possible manner can be identified properly. The first and most important factor that attracts tourists the most in regard to their visit is the hospitality of the country. Hospitality defines the treatment tourists receive from the hotel they stay in or the people of the country and how welcome the city makes them feel. Apart from the hospitality, if the services for the tourist are not proper, the rate of tourists will be decreased. However, the tourism industry has been changing continuously, and in the last 5 to 10 years, the tourism industry has also faced issues. The main reason behind this change is related to change in the working process of the industry due to an increase in the use of the internet, which increases connectivity all over the world. As the use of the internet increases, it makes the environment dynamic, and because of those, uncertainties in tourism increased. These uncertainties have brought some unwanted risks like constant change in the demand of tourists, which can affect the tourist industry the most. For the management of the changes, properly effective project management techniques are required so that proper strategies and methods can be developed. As the current environment is dynamic which means it is difficult to predict when and how the tourist demand can change. Due to this constant change, the countries have been trying to improve the efficiency of tourism to achieve sustainability. However, if proper project management methods have not been developed, then it can affect the economy of the country severely. It is because, in countries like the Maldives and Thailand, most of their GDP depends on tourism, and it is important for them to keep up with the demand of the customers. This is the reason that many western countries have adopted project management which has helped them develop different strategies that can be used for adapting different methods that help them in enhancing the performance of the tourism industry. This is the reason that the management in the tourism industry has increased and technical staff can be improved effectively. This project management strategies help in improving the tourism industry as it will help develop different digital approaches that can be used to improve the efficiency of the tourism company. The constant increase and change in the demand of the consumers have created a problem for companies that are in the tourism industry and for the government as well. This dynamic environment has increased some challenges, and with the changing time, some other challenges have included the tourism industry. Based on the research, it has been identified that the first and foremost issue faced by the tourism industry is related to the depletion of nature. Apart from the harm caused to the nature tourism industry also face some other issues like an increase in the inflation rate and taxes imposed by the government, which increases the prices of packages provided by the company for the tourist. As the price of packages increases, it can prevent tourists from buying the packages. Apart from the increase in the price of packages, the currency rate cannot be predicted, and that makes it difficult for people to predict the rate, and it can increase their expenses. These small changes can affect tourism because people are not able to understand the overall efficiency of the organization. The challenges that occur in the organization that are in the business of travel and tourism are mainly because of the issues that these people have faced currently. Increase in the taxation and harm caused to the environment because if the tourist visits natural places, then the beauty of those places gets affected the most. Based on the research, it has also been identified that climatic issues are also challenges faced by the tourism industry, but at the same time, some issues also occur due to internal problems present in the country. Currently, the tourism industry has faced huge losses because of the global pandemic and because of the pandemic, globalization got affected the most. Due to the pandemic, international travel was shut down immediately, and it has not been renewed for three to eight months. Apart from the pandemic, the issue that has been in the tourism industry for a very long time is the seasons. In some countries, there is a particular season to visit, and during this time, the number of tourists is the most. This increase in the visit of tourists can become difficult to manage, and this is the reason that governments and companies in the tourism industry have been developing different methods. The rust of tourists has increased because the facilities have increased, with the digitalization companies can develop websites, and tourists can plan their trips from one place. These methods can be used for enhancing the development of the tourism industry, and this is the reason that the tourism industry is growing, but with the changing demand, the methods have become old. Like, in the beginning, the tourist can only contact a travel agent or company and then do a meeting. After some time, tourists can book a trip online with advance payment. But with the increase in time the demand of people has also changed which means that it becomes difficult to manage the tourist and this is the reason the requirement of new and effective method is required. This is the reason that the research on the new methods has been developed, and agile management is one of those methods that can be used effectively. The researchers have provided clear information that traditional project management is not able to face the changes, and not only traditional methods but some current methods also face the same problem. This is the reason that the implementation of project management in organizations that are in the travel and tourism industry can work effectively with the adaption of agile management. The use of the agile methodology in project management is effective enough because it helps divide project management practices into different stages. As agility is included in the project management practices, then it can easily improve the efficiency of the organization, and it can be used to improve the efficiency of the organization, which can help enhance the ability of the organization. The organization have been using the agile method can work effectively and provide clear information to implement different methods that can increase the satisfaction rate of the customer. The agile management practices help the organization in enhancing iterative planning that can be used to monitor the process and increase its ability to update and monitor the process. This monitoring ability of the agile management helps in enhancing the quality of the organization that helps in enhancing their ability to complete the work. As the changes occur in the organization that are in the business of that, it can be helpful in enhancing the ability of the organization, which can help improve the organization's ability. The agile framework can help improve the efficiency of the project management, and it can be helpful in improving the efficiency of the tourism industry, but some challenges can make the use of agile difficult. Currently, the trend of online bookings of the trip has increased, which means that all the required accommodation can be done from websites and these websites and apps make things easy for travellers. Due to this functionality, planning of trips and booking of tickets can become easy after developing a tour and travels website. The issues that are faced by users during the booking of tickets are mainly related to knowledge about the internet and less understanding of how the website works. The innovation of technology has increased the customer approaches of a business, and it also increased the number of people who love travelling. Project management approaches can help in developing projects for the travel and tourism industry. Research helps in understanding that agile is a new concept that can improve the efficiency of the organization and help enhance the ability of the tourism industry. But at the same time, the software has become advanced, and it has become difficult to manage the complexity of the organization. The biggest problem that has been faced by the use of agile management is the migration to the agile framework, which helps in improving the working ability of the organization. Due to this transferring issue, the adaption of agile management can be problematic for the tourism industry. If the adaptation has been done properly in the organization, then it can work properly and bring complete changes and benefits to the agile industry. Then the issue that occurs in agile management can be used to increase the efficiency of the organization and improve its working. As the adaption of agile methodology begins, it can be helpful in enhancing the ability of the organization and government and the demand of the customers can be satisfied easily.

Chapter 5: Discussion

The purpose of the research is to find out the advantages of agile project management practices in the tour and travel industry.

5.1 Need for project management in the tour and travel industry

As per Kuzumenko, et. al. (2018), the tour and travel industry have always been an important factor in the country’s growth and economy. The tour and travels companies face a lot of problems because of the poor management system or not using technology while touring and travel project management. The tourism and travel industry of the country develops the country’s economy. A country’s architecture and environmental conditions attract travellers to visit that country. Khan, et. al. (2020) writes in their research that Some factors can affect the number of travellers like poor management tourist management system, the hospitality of the tour and travel company’s addition to Jarvis, et. al. (2016), writes in his research that the hospitality is the main factor that can affect the tourism because good hospitality and services increase the interest of the travellers. As per Ruan and Tian (2019), the tour and travel industry is one of the factors that contributes to the economy, and the higher number of tourists increases the profitability of the company and country. The uncertainty and changes in the environment have forced the tour and travel industry to bring some changes in project management. According to Hua (2016), The rise in technology increased the risk for the tour and travel industry, and this risk can affect the business model and its profitability. Project management is a new thing for the tour and travel industry, and project management can help the companies to manage the overall process of the tour and travels activities. In addition, Sofronov (2017) explains in research that the tour and travelling industry is working on the system and projects to make it sustainable. To improve and manage the economy and social effects, project management can be used. The tourism industry plays an important role to boost a company’s profitability and a country’s economy. Some countries like Thailand and Maldives are only dependent upon tourism for their economy. According to Bunghez (2016), project management tools helps to develop different strategies that can help companies to increase their profitability and stability in the market. Different methods are used by the countries to complete the projects. With time tour and travel industry is also getting development and making changes in the project management system. The digital era is affecting the tour and travel business because in this digital era, travellers books tickets online. As per Schoper, et. al. (2018), websites and apps are attracting more customers than offline systems. In addition, Al Shammare, et. al. (2019) explains that online bookings of the trip can be done from websites, and these websites and app make things easy for travellers. Planning of trips and booking of tickets can become easy after developing a tour and travels website. The issues that are faced by users during the booking of tickets are less knowledge about the internet and less understanding of how the website works. The innovation of technology has increased the customer approaches of a business, and it also increased the number of people who love travelling. Project management approaches can help in developing projects for the travel and tourism industry.

5.2 The problems faced by the tour and travel industry because of non-technological operations

According to Thamas, et. al. (2020), some problems that are faced by tour and travel countries and companies are unauthorized and unverified taxes, inflation rate, seasonal dependency and communication problems, and regulatory and border issues. Tour and travel industry generates a good income for companies and governments through taxes. Because of less technology or zero technology, travel companies were not able to track the currency exchange rate, and that affected the business of the tour and travel industry. Because of offline booking, the person was not able to track the booking and trip status, but after the evolution of technology, transparency between travellers and companies has improved. In addition, Sisneros-Kidd, et. al. (2019) write about some extra taxes like hotel service taxes, transportation taxes, and aviation fuel tax that is associated with the travel and tourism industry. One of the main issues that are associated with the tour and travel industry is the sudden environmental changes like a flood and changes in the climate. These changes can’t be identified without technology, and technology can help to identify these risks that can help the tour and travel industry to plan the trips accordingly. As per Milano, et. al. (2019), Some problems that are caused because of terrorists and political groups can’t be identified because of technology. The development of websites and apps can help travellers to understand the situation of a country before planning a trip. As per Gurtner (2016), travellers and the tour and travel industry faced problems in communication with each other during the bombing in Bali, Indonesia. The technology can help travellers to Communicate with management whenever they get problems, and that can increase the customers and profitability of the company. The non-technological method that manages the travel and tour industries creates a lot of problems for the tourists and the company’s management. According to Sisneros-Kidd, et. al. (2019), tourists get attracted to a country’s architecture and its nature or environment. The country’s hospitality and culture attract customers, and with the help of technology, they can view the overall experience. As per Gurtner (2016), the highest number of tourists affects the structure and environment of the company because of the use of vehicles. The old management system in the tour and travel industry makes the trip process slow and boring. According to Kaur, 2017, The traditional methods make the booking of tickets and trips a complex process. The latest technology gives a lot of benefits and makes the process of bookings easy and entertaining. As per Jovicic, (2017), the customers want that the process of booking trips should get easy and less time-consuming. The new technology helps people to get knowledge about the place and environment before planning a trip, and that helps them to select the right trip for themselves.

5.3 Agile framework’ use in the project management

As per Zuzek, et. al. (2020), the traditional methods that are used by the travel and tourism industry are not able to deal with complex problems like inflation, high rates of change, and increased system complexity. In addition, Ciric, et. al. (2018) explained in a research paper that some problems like environmental conditions, political conditions, and the availability of hotels couldn’t be found with the help of traditional methods, and that affects the tourists and business of tour and travel industry. According to Loiro, et. al. (2019), the agile methodology breaks a project into several parts or phases. These phases and parts are managed with the help of sprints. Sprints in a project development process reduce risks and make required changes in the project accordingly. The agile methodology is best to shift the priorities of a project and make stakeholder interested in the project development process. in addition, Ciric, et. al. (2018) explains that three agile methodology practices are customer software demos, the retrospective, the daily stand-up that helps project management team to make required changes in the ongoing process. in addition, Mircea (2019) explains that agile methodology in project management makes the project less complex and leads the organization towards development. The APM practices in project development include developing processes and iterative planning with the help of self-managed teams. As pet Noteboom, et. al. (2021), In project management, the traditional methodology is not effective as the agile methodology. The traditional project management technique works on three constraints consistent quality, cost, and time. On the other side, the agile project management technique provides rapid changes in the project and sustainability in the challenging world. In addition, Ismail and Mansor (2018) explain that the agile project management technique helps a project face global competition, maintaining the demand and rate of production. According to Koi-Akrofi, et. al. (2019), the APM practices often fail while complex decision making, for example, military actions and health care, etc., agile practices improve transparency and communication between the team members and departments. Agile practices help companies to maintain continuous collaboration with the customers. As per Sindhwani, et. al. (2019), there is a drawback in agile project management practices that there has always been a difference between the starting product and the final product. The health department is using agile practices to maintain the system complexity and customer demands. This methodology is used in the health sector to deliver quality services at an optimized cost. According to Ciric, et. al. (2018), the APM practices are easy to manage and make changes in the project development. Key business objectives of agile methodology practices are people adaptability, product adaptability, rapid response to project and business change, and regular innovation.

5.4 Challenges occur because of the agile principle

In this era, software is necessary for an organization or company to handle and manage the business effectively. The software development process is very important to full fill the customer and stakeholder needs. As per Oueslati, et. al. (2015), agile project development practices are best to develop software, and it can be beneficial for companies to implement successful project plans. According to Atzberger and Paetzold (2019), there are several challenges associated with agilTECH. In case of lack of understanding, agilTECH development approach is used. The lack of understating can lead a project to disaster and can affect the overall working of the project. In addition, as per Almeida (2017), the agile methodology brings complexity to the project system, which is one of its challenges. According to Goel, et. al. (2020), the pandemic has affected a lot of businesses, and the tour and travel business got affected the most. The lockdowns and curfews forced peoples to stay at home, and that affected the whole tour and travels business. To increase the customer engagement and profitability of the tour and travel business, companies need to improve their business approaches and techniques. The development of software will help tour and travel companies to operate to manage the process, and it will help the customers to make their bookings effortlessly. Climate changes have raised the demand for agile software because of its capability to make software flexible and easy to handle. Furthermore, competitiveness in the tourism sector is intense, and an agile framework may help in making development more efficient. People who work in agile development, according to Simonofski, et. al. (2019), don't recognize their responsibilities or what should be done to make a project successful. People don't adopt the new values and rules, and that creates a problem while system development. One of the really difficult tasks in the agile methodology is changing people's perspectives during the project development process. This problem of scaling, as per Ozkan and Tarhan (2019), stops people from using it for software development, and different agile frameworks also impact the fundamental capacity of people to think and create a project development process. As per Murat (2016), the adaption of agile methods is challenging work, and the use of the agile framework is difficult for a project. The use of the internet and software is increased, and people prefer online shopping over offline. With the change in technology tour and travel sector should adopt new changes and increase their profitability. According to Simonofski, et. al. (2019), the need for project operators is necessary to implement the project management practice successfully. Without the help of the project operator, the identification of project requirements and prioritizing of necessary backlogs is not possible. The project development process is divided into some parts, and each part refers to a task. As per Dumitriu, et. al. (2019), the requirements for a project should be decided before the start of the project for better results and output. In addition to Heijden, et. al. (2018), cyber security has become one of the main issues for the people who use the internet. The internet brings a lot of opportunities for businesses to grow, but it also brings the risk of cybercrimes and cyber-attacks. Clash with the finance and lack of planning is one of the challenges that are faced by the travel and tour companies while implementing agile project management practices.

5.5 The importance of agile framework in the tour and travel industry

As per Dilger, et. al. (2020), the documents in the travel industry should not be created. The overall work should be on the working software. Writing detailed documents is a lengthy process and time-consuming process. A detailed document should be created only when it is necessary. In addition, Richter and Dragooeva (2021) write in the research that free working organizations and companies can adopt the agile methodology. According to De Borba et al. (2019), agile methodology is the best technique to develop a custom system and fulfil customer needs. The agile methodology can help tour and travels companies develop a software or project management system. The system can help customers to book their trips and tickets online and also helps companies to manage the whole process effectively. As per Beerbaum (2021), agile is a self-managed team and can work effectively without the need of a team manager. In addition, Dingsoyar, et. al. (2019) explain that not having the ability to run an agile project can create an issue for the project development process. This is very effective in developing small and medium-sized products. The tour and travel industry have to develop and make changes frequently to capture the market and customer that agile methodology is the best option. According to De Borba, et. al. (2019), the agile framework is useful to track customer movements and the changes competitors are making. To track and manage the customer data, agile methodology can be used. The traditional method of project management follows a hierarchy and delivers services and projects accordingly. As per Dingsoyr, et. al. (2019), The agile framework is a powerful tool that helps an organization manage its managers, customers, and team members. The framework produces cycle time and lead time that can help the tour and travels industry to decide according to the collected data. The agile methodology delivers business values early with effective and incremented results that can help the tour and travel business to increase productivity and profitability. This method increases the speed to market, and it increases the higher probability of success. Tour and travel business can improve their business and adopt new changes in technology. The fastest development of the project makes this methodology different from others, and the sprints make it less error methodology. According to Beerbaum (2021), The traditional project management technique doesn’t help companies to identify the problem and cycle time. In the tour and travel industry, customer satisfaction and management are necessary to enhance the productivity and profitability of the business. To estimate deadlines, people’s performance, and system ability, agile methodology can be used in the tour and travel industry.

Chapter 6: Conclusion

The goal of this research was to find out the uses of agile project management tools and practices in the tour and travel industry and the contribution of agile project management software in timely managing the daily operations in the tour and travel industry in the UK. The travel and tourism industry is a very important industry for a country’s economy. The travel and tourism industry attracts customers and travellers from other countries, and travellers travel and spend their money on the country’s structure and services. Internet and technology are rising day by day, and people are mostly using technology to reduce daily life problems. To collect the necessary data in this research secondary data collection method has been used. Some previous research has been analyzed to find out the previous research that is happened in the tour and travel sectors. Some information about the agile project management methods is collected through research and journals. Some agile project management practice related theories are analyzed to find out the impact of agile practices on the tour and travel industry. The tour and travels services use traditional methods to manage the projects and booking of trips. Most people travel and go to different countries once or twice a year. Some countries are only surviving on the money they got from the travel and tourism industry. The operation management system in the tour and travel industry has become old and not interesting anymore. To improve profitability and customer engagement, some changes are necessary for the tour and travel sector. The development of software and website can help the tour and travel companies to interact with the customer effectively and manage the trips and tour system efficiently. The agile project management practices divide a project into several parts and manage that project accordingly. The continuous improvements and modifications happen with the consent of stockholders. The agile project management practices can help the tour and travel industry to develop an effective system or software. This research has classified the problems that are faced by the tour and travel industry while using the traditional methods to manage the tour and travel operations. This research has identified the impact of agile management practices on tour and travel projects and operations. The tour and travel industry in the UK got affected because of the pandemic and unplanned operation management. the agile project management practices help a company to manage operations effectively, establish regular communication between the workers and fulfil customer demands. This research has found that tour and travel software development will help companies to fulfil the customer and stakeholder requirements and explore new countries to improve their travel process. The system will make the ticket and trip easy to book and manage for the customers and the company’s management. This research has been discussed the contribution of agile project management practices in the tour and travel industry of the UK. The need for planning, operation, and monitoring of tour and travel services have been identified in this research. This research has helped to identify the role and duties of a project manager in the project. Time is important, and managing time has always been challenging for companies and project managers. The agile project management practices can help companies and project managers to manage their time efficiently and effectively. This research has been classified that agile project management practices can operate, plan and monitor the workflow in the tour and travel sector. The travel industry is an economically important industry for a country. That’s why some changes and development should happen to improve the economy of a country. This research has discussed the various project management software that can help a company to grow its business. This research has examined the traditional method of project management and the agile method of project management and found out that agile is mostly used for IT projects. Agile best works in a project where frequent changes are required and when a business wants products benefits earlier. The agile technique is best to fulfil the need of businesses, and it is useful to engage customers. All the agile project management practices use some common concepts like minimal documents, quick response to change, effective team management, customer collaboration, and production of software with the help of teamwork. Continuous feedback and changes reduce the chance of project failure. The project developers and business peoples work together for a successful agile project management software. In the travel industry market, conditions and environments change so often in this condition creating a full requirement document is a waste of time because of the frequent changes. For a company or business that makes frequent changes in the required conditions, the best project management technique is agile project management because it can work even after making changes in the project requirements. Agile is the best method to follow as long as a company has a good technical lead and experienced programmers. The successful implementation of an agile methodology can be difficult without the proper understanding of the agile development process. It is difficult to find the best agile framework for the travel and tour industry, but elements can be added/subtracted for the project. This research has identified that for a successful agile implementation project manager is required. A project operator can help companies to understand the agile project development process, and the project manager can reduce the chances of project failure. This research has described the challenges that are faced due to the agile principle, which are the complexity of the agile project development process, the lack of understanding of the agile project development process, and time estimation. One of the main challenges is to prepare the team members and workers for the changes that are going to happen during the agile project management implementation. The need for experienced program developers and an experienced project manager is also a challenge for tour and travel companies. For the completion of research in an effective manner research methodology that has been used is called the derived type of methodology, which helps in analysing and collecting required information using the secondary data. This methodology is divided into different sections and methods used in this Interpretivism philosophy, Inductive research approach and based on the requirement other aspects like research strategy, data collection, data analysis, time horizon has been defined. The research work is focused on understanding the role of agile project management practices in the travel and tourism industry. The different aspects of the research methodology have been discussed briefly, and all the methods that have been used are appropriate based on the information required in the research. In the research impact of the agile framework has been discussed, and that is effective time management, customer engagement, adopting regular changes, and effective team and project management. It has been identified that the agile management practices will help the tour and travel industry to implement some required changes in the process, and these practices will fulfil the company and customers' needs and requirements. The agile project management practices can help the travel and tour industry in the UK to manage its daily operations effortlessly, and it can help the companies to increase their productivity and profitability.

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Agile Project Management Practices in Travel and Tourism

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background