BTM5TSD: Tourism Impact and Sustainable Development
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Table of Contents
Tourism Impacts, Sustainable Development, Ecotourism and Ethical Tourism 3
Introduction and Outline Of Chosen Destination 4
Chapter 2- Origins Of Sustainable Tourism 6
Origins of Sustainable Tourism 6
The relationship between sustainability, ecotourism, and ethical tourism 6
Overtourism, Consumption, and Wicked Problem 7
Tourism Impacts (Positive/Negative) 8
Difference Between Sustainable Tourism and Mass Tourism 9
Chapter – 3 The nature of your selected destination 10
Various Routes to the Tower of London from the UK 10
Summary of Cultural and Historical Tourism at the Tower of London 10
Tourist Impact at the Tower of London 11
Key Leading Tourism Stakeholders at The Tower of London 11
Chapter 4 - Challenges to implementing sustainability in tourism 12
Common Challenges In Implementing Sustainable Tourism 12
Economy Reliance on Tourism 12
Balancing the Economy and Culture 13
Sponsor Engagement and Collaboration 13
One Sustainable issue at the Tower of London 13
List Of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1- Introduction
Tourism is an essential part of the worldwide economy. Still, on the other hand, it also has various challenges, particularly when handling impacts on previous and cultural sites. The report mainly focuses on the London historical and cultural tourism industry by highlighting the Tower of London which is one of the most famous landmarks in London.
Aim and Objectives
The main aim of the report is to essentially analyze several impacts of tourism and mainly focus on sustainable tourism practices. The Tower of London, constructed on the Thames under the orders of William the Conqueror, served the purpose of safeguarding London and establishing its authority (Unesco, 2018). Nowadays the Tower of London has become an essential attraction for millions of people and due to the overcrowding, that occurs the tower faces various challenges that affect both the integrity and experience of the people that visit the tower of London. The objective of the report is to discover how sustainable tourism practices can be utilized for historical and cultural tourism particularly at the Tower of London to reduce the overtourism and improve positive contributions. The first objective of the report is to assess the positive and negative impact of tourism at the Tower of London by mainly focusing on economic and environmental parts. The second objective of the report is to observe sustainable tourism strategies that can be implemented to address the challenges linked with over-tourism at the Tower of London. The third objective of the report is to provide essential recommendations for the Tower of London to handle the visitor numbers and ensure long-term sustainability. The fourth objective of the report is to analyze the role of several sponsors that involve historic royal palaces and the UK government in promoting and keeping sustainable tourism at the Tower of London.
Tourism Impacts, Sustainable Development, Ecotourism and Ethical Tourism
Tourism impact means the shift where both the positive and negative changes come in a destination and there are three categories of tourism impact the first one is economic impact as tourism most of the time produces essential revenue for the economy to build jobs and offer business opportunities, one of the measure example of this is that the tower of London attract various people contributing to the economy by ticket sales and offering various services such as a hospital. The second category is environmental impact as the huge number of the population can lead to pollution and degradation of natural resources and enhance carbon emissions one example of this is that the huge number of traffic at the Tower of London affects the walls. The third category of this is Socio-cultural impacts as tourism can lead to the preservation and celebration of cultures. Sustainable development means the concept of meeting the requirements of the current without affecting the upcoming generations and the main aim of sustainable development is to keep balancing economic growth, and social and along with environmental protection. Concerning tourism sustainable development make sure that destinations are handled in a way that offers long-term resources. An example of sustainable tourism is that at the Tower of London includes establishing an essential event to limit the number of people. The continuous evolution of tourism's sustainable development presents new challenges due to the changing technologies and consumption patterns in the industry (Streimikiene et al., 2021). Ecotourism is another form of sustainable tourism that mainly focuses on protecting the natural atmosphere at the Tower of London ecotourism can highlight the to protect the historical site and along with this the visitor can get motivated to help sustainability by reducing waste and minimizing energy consumption. Ethical tourism's main role is to motivate visitors to make preferences that make a positive impact on the destinations they visit mainly focusing on reducing the harm to the atmosphere. Ethical tourism at the London Tower can be utilized to enhance local businesses and make sure that the revenue produced from tourism helps both the maintenance of the historical land as well as the surrounding groups. The ethics of tourism have been examined at various levels of conceptual abstraction, from concrete issues of practical ethics in the running of tourist establishments to in-depth philosophical deliberations (Cohen and Cohen, 2019).
Introduction and Outline Of Chosen Destination
The chosen destination is England and the type of tourism is historical and cultural tourism. The Tower of London, constructed on the Thames under the orders of William the Conqueror, served the purpose of safeguarding London and establishing its authority. The Tower of London is one of the very famous visited places in the United Kingdom as most of the visitors visit the place. Cultural tourism means learning about the culture while traveling as the Tower of London offers an educational experience to tourists who are mainly interested in historical things. The case study will cover sustainable tourism and along with this the nature of the selected destination. Also, the report will address the challenges that occur while implementing sustainability in tourism.
Source: (Condé Nast Traveler, 2024)
Chapter 2- Origins Of Sustainable Tourism
Origins of Sustainable Tourism
The origin of sustainable tourism begins at the staring of the 1960s and it becomes more famous due to the Brundtland Report in the year 1987. The Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) serves as a fundamental guiding principle for the United Nations, governments, private institutions, organizations, and businesses (Lynch and Khan, 2020). In the year 1980, the environment added energy and began the discussion on the topic of sustainability particularly in the tourism industry. Various strategies were utilized such as one of the most famous strategies known as The World Conservation Strategy in the year 1980 was established and offered the idea that the actions of the human that involve tourism should be planned in a manner that reduces the harm to the environment and local groups. Nowadays sustainable tourism is well known and seen as one of the important parts of sustainable development. Also, the United Nations World Tourism Organization has played a very important part in enhancing sustainable tourism. The year 2017 was designated as the official International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations World Tourism Organization, marking a significant turning point. The aim was to position tourism as a driver for bringing about positive transformation (Boluk et al., 2019).
The relationship between sustainability, ecotourism, and ethical tourism
All three topics such as sustainability, ecotourism, and ethical tourism are connected as all three of them have common goals but on the other hand, they vary in applications. The first one is sustainability and concerning tourism sustainability means the development and management of tourism actions in such a way that meets the requirements of the tourists and groups to make sure that the upcoming generation has advantages. The main aim of tourism is to reduce the negative impact on the environment, society, and culture and to enhance the economic advantages to local groups. The second one is ecotourism which is another form of sustainability and mainly focuses on travel and highlights environmental conservation and education. The Society for International Ecotourism defines ecotourism as a specialized form of travel based on nature. This type of travel involves responsible visits to natural areas, aiming to preserve the environment and support the local community's welfare (Hussain, 2022). The third concept is ethical tourism which enhances travelers ' preferences that link with ethical values like reducing harm to the atmosphere. Also, ethical tourism mainly focuses on traveling respectfully and making sure that the requirement of visitors is fulfilled. One of the essential parts of ethical tourism is the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism which was established by United Kingdom Tourism and offers essential principles and guidelines to make sure that travelers adopt ethical and responsible practices. The Global Code of Ethics for Tourism includes a discussion on the promotion of bullfighting within the tourism industry, along with an examination of the cultural aspects used to rationalize the use of animal slaughter as a form of entertainment (Winter, 2020).
Overtourism, Consumption, and Wicked Problem
Overtourism is a recent term that describes a longstanding issue: an excessive influx of tourists to a particular destination, leading to various negative impacts on the local community (Dodds and Butler, 2019). Overtourism means when the destination faces a huge number of visitors which leads to negative impacts on the local atmosphere and groups. Also, the main reason for the occurrence of overtourism is that when the visitors exceed the capacity of the destination that outcomes in overcrowding and disruption in the atmosphere. The Tower of London is one measure example of this as it faces over-tourism as a huge number of people visit it and it disrupts the experience of people. The second concept is consumption which means the utilization of natural, cultural, and social resources to meet the requirements of the visitors. Also, tourism involves the consumption of goods and services like accommodation, transportation, and degradation. On the other hand consuming resources excessively can reduce the resources and along with this can affect the environment. The third concept is the Wicked problem which is a difficult problem to resolve as it is interlinked with the other issues and lacks a clear solution. Problems categorized as wicked resist resolution through traditional logic and can lead to undesirable outcomes when conventional strategies are applied. Additionally, proposed solutions can potentially exacerbate the issues they aim to address (?eremet et al., 2021). Concerning tourism over tourism and unmanageable consumption can be seen as a wicked problem due to various reasons such as economic and environmental factors. To resolve the issue it needs good partnership between the government and businesses.
Source: (Aiyar, 2023)
Tourism Impacts (Positive/Negative)
Table 1: Tourism Impact (Positive / Negative)
Difference Between Sustainable Tourism and Mass Tourism
Sustainable tourism and mass tourism both are different as sustainable tourism mainly focuses on the long-term advantages that include the environment as well as local groups. Sustainable tourism's main focus is to reduce the negative impacts of tourists and make sure that the destination is essential for the upcoming generations it highlights the low-impact actions and along with this the participation of the local people planning within the tourism. On the other hand mass tourism mainly focuses on the huge number of individual tourists and it also can produce various economic benefits as mass tourism highlights the short-term economy over the long-term environment and social sustainability. The start of mass tourism is commonly traced back to 1841, when Thomas Cook, the first well-known tour operator, organized a train trip from Leicester, England (Mason, 2020). The main difference between sustainable tourism and mass is between the method of tourism development and management only.
Chapter – 3 The nature of your selected destination
Various Routes to the Tower of London from the UK
The Tower of London is situated in London, England, and is one of the very well-known places for tourists. There are various traveling options from the United Kingdom to the Tower of London as there are several cities in the United Kingdom that can be suitable to reach the Tower of London. The first city is Manchester from where individuals can reach the Tower of London. The first option is by train it takes only two hours to reach London and the cost of this is £ 40. Manchester ranks as the third busiest airport in the UK based on the number of passengers and holds the second position outside of the London area (Dorta Antequera et al., 2021). The second option is by Bus an individual can reach the tower of London and the time that the bus takes to reach London is five hours. The third option to travel to London is by airplane as it only takes one hour to reach London and the cost for this is £ 50. The second city is Edinburgh from where individuals can travel to reach the tower of London and it also has three options such as train, bus, and airplane. The train takes four hours to reach London from Edinburgh and the cost of this includes £ 50. The second option is by bus which takes eight hours and the cost of this is £ 20. The third option is by airplane that takes only two hours to reach London and includes the cost of £ 60. The third city is Birmingham from where individuals can travel to reach the tower of London and it has two options to reach there the first option is by Train which takes only one hour to reach London at the cost of £ 20. Birmingham, located in the English West Midlands, is home to a population of 1.1 million people (Behr et al., 2022). The second option is by bus which takes three hours to reach London and costs £ 5.
Summary of Cultural and Historical Tourism at the Tower of London
The Tower of London, constructed on the Thames under the orders of William the Conqueror, served the purpose of safeguarding London and establishing its authority. The Tower of London is well known for its cultural and historical tourism and millions of people visit it. The Tower of London has a good historical background that involves various roles. The Tower of London is now a symbol of British history, representing the power of the British monarchy. It is primarily visited by tourists and serves as a popular attraction (McDonald, 2019). Several visitors come to visit the Tower of London to see the Crown Jewels and menagerie.
Tourist Impact at the Tower of London
Tourist impact at the Tower of London has both positive and as well as negative impacts the positive impact of the Tower of London include the first one is that it offers essential benefits to the economy as the Tower produces important revenue and increases the economy of London. The second positive impact is that the revenue produced helps in the conservation of the culture and makes sure that the resources are available for the upcoming generation in the future. HEIs have the potential to promote local development using educational tourism (Tomasi et al., 2020). The third positive impact involves educational advantages as the Tower of London provides the visitor with knowledge of British history. On the other hand, there are various negative impacts of tourists to the Tower of London the first one is over-tourism as the Tower of London faces the over-tourism issue at the time of the high season when people come in millions of forms to visit it.
Key Leading Tourism Stakeholders at The Tower of London
There are various key leading tourism stakeholders at the Tower of London the first one is the government of the United Kingdom whose main role is to enhance tourism worldwide and the corporate social responsibility includes the support of sustainable tourism rules and the future aim, objective, and vision is to enhance tourism revenue while making sure that the cultural site is safe. Hospitality and tourism firms are more likely to release corporate social responsibility reports (Koseoglu et al., 2021). The second stakeholder involved at the Tower of London is local businesses their main role is to offer services and goods to the visitors such as offering them facilities transport and many more. Corporate social responsibility involves eco-friendly practices that help the local economy and the future aim is to enhance the services and help to grow sustainable tourism. The third stakeholder involved in the Tower of London is the council of the city the main role of them is to see tourism-relevant planning and corporate social responsibility involve urban sustainability projects and the future aim is to improve the infrastructure and minimize the environmental impacts.
Chapter 4 - Challenges to implementing sustainability in tourism
Common Challenges In Implementing Sustainable Tourism
Various challenges come in while implementing sustainable tourism that are explained in depth:
Overtourism
The first challenge that comes in is the over-tourism challenge. Overtourism occurs when a huge number of people gather at a particular place which leads to various negative impacts on the atmosphere. Since overtourism is a recent and developing subject, it appeared crucial for this study to employ the integrative review approach (Perkumien? and Pransk?nien?, 2019). Also, the main reason for the occurrence of overtourism is that when the visitors exceed the capacity of the destination that outcomes in overcrowding and disruption in the atmosphere. The Tower of London is one measure example of this as it faces over-tourism as a huge number of people visit it and it disrupts the experience of people.
Environment Degradation
The second common challenge that comes in while implementing sustainable tourism is the degradation of the environment as nowadays most visitor goes to destinations that have resources like water. The promotion of economic growth is acknowledged as a key benefit of tourism development; nevertheless, it can also lead to environmental deterioration (Teng et al., 2021). This leads to various negative impacts such as deforestation and along with this, it enhances the emission of carbon. In the context of the tower of London, a huge number of the visit there, and due to that various disruption occurs such as walls getting damaged.
Economy Reliance on Tourism
The third common challenge that occurs while implementing sustainable tourism is the over-reliance of the economy on tourism. Tourism can offer various advantages in finance and along with this it can also offer jobs but being over-dependent on tourism can lead to various disruptions in tourism. One of the best examples of this is the pandemic at the time of COVID-19 various disruptions occurred in the tourism sector which relies on the economy heavily also the towers of London generate huge amounts of revenue from tourism if the people do not come to visit the place then it can cause huge impact on the fundings. The pandemic of COVID-19 is unique, and it will require a longer period for the global tourism industry to recover compared to the typical 10-month recovery period (Škare et al., 2021).
Balancing the Economy and Culture
The fourth common challenge that comes in while implementing sustainable tourism is balancing economy and cultural preservation goals as most famous tourist destinations are most of the time seen between the requirement to gather huge amount of people to enhance the revenue. In the context of the Tower of London handling the flow of visitors and making sure that things are managed efficiently by enhancing the number of visitors to the site then automatically the finances increase.
Sponsor Engagement and Collaboration
The fifth common challenge that occurs while implementing sustainable tourism is the engagement of the sponsor and partnership as efficient implementation of sustainable tourism needs the support of the various sponsors that involve government, businesses, and tourists. The local business gives priority to the short-term economy over long-term sustainability and on the other hand, the government lacks in to struggle to apply significant rules that limit the number of people. The consensus is that enhancing stakeholder involvement is crucial for enhancing the town's resilience (Pyke et al., 2021).
One Sustainable issue at the Tower of London
One of the measure issues faced by the Tower of London is Overtourism and various challenges come in handling over-tourism at the Tower of London the first one is economic pressure as the Tower of London plays an essential part in the London economy. The Tower of London provides a huge amount of money and most of the money is invested in the conservation and maintenance to make sure that the Tower of London is well maintained for the upcoming generations. On the other, this economic pressure comes with several challenges such as overcrowding as at the time of the peak season the tower of London faces overtourism as a huge number of people visit it. The second issue that comes in handling over-tourism is environmental and carbon emissions as the environmental impact of tourism at the Tower of London comes with the disruption. Also, various people come to visit the tower of tourism which increases the carbon emissions linked with air travel. The demand for energy rises with tourism, to fuel transportation, lodging, and infrastructure, and to support food production and maintenance of tourist sites, all of which can have negative effects on the environment (Raihan et al., 2022). The third issue that comes in handling over-tourism is the support of the sponsor as implementing sustainable tourism practices at the Tower of London needs the help of various sponsors that involve local businesses and the government. One of the measure challenges that comes in is to make sure that all the sponsor are linked with their goals for sustainability.
Chapter 5 - Conclusion
In Conclusion, the report discussed the Tower of London's historical and cultural tourism which faces various challenges. The Tower of London was constructed on the Thames under the orders of William the Conqueror and served the purpose of safeguarding London and establishing its authority. Tourism impact means the shift where both the positive and negative changes come in a destination and there are three categories of tourism impact the first one is economic impact as tourism most of the time produces essential revenue for the economy to build jobs and offer business opportunities, one of the measure example of this was that the tower of London attract various people contributing to the economy by ticket sales and offering various services such as a hospital. Sustainable development means the concept of meeting the requirements of the current without affecting the upcoming generations and the main aim of sustainable development is to keep balancing economic growth, and social and along with environmental protection. The chosen destination was England and the type of tourism that was selected was historical and cultural tourism. The Tower of London was constructed by the Thames under the orders of William the Conqueror and served the purpose of safeguarding London and establishing its authority. The Tower of London is one of the very famous visited places in the United Kingdom as most of the visitors visit the place. Overtourism means when the destination faces a huge number of visitors which leads to negative impacts on the local atmosphere and groups. Also, the main reason for the occurrence of over-tourism was that when the visitors exceeded the capacity of the destination that outcomes in overcrowding and disruption in the atmosphere. The wicked problem was a difficult problem to resolve as it was interlinked with other issues and lacked a clear solution. Problems categorized as wicked resist resolution through traditional logic and can lead to undesirable outcomes when conventional strategies are applied. Additionally, proposed solutions can potentially exacerbate the issues they aim to address. The main difference between sustainable tourism and mass was between the method of tourism development and management only. There were various traveling options from the United Kingdom to the Tower of London as there were several cities in the United Kingdom that could be suitable to reach the Tower of London. The first city was Manchester from where individuals can reach the Tower of London. The Tower of London included a good historical background of various roles. The Tower of London is now a symbol of British history, representing the power of the British monarchy. It is primarily visited by tourists and serves as a popular attraction. Various challenges come in while implementing sustainable tourism such as Overtourism which occurs when a huge number of people gather at a particular place which leads to various negative impacts on the atmosphere. Nowadays most visitor goes to destinations that have resources like water. The promotion of economic growth is acknowledged as a key benefit of tourism development; nevertheless, it can also lead to environmental deterioration. One of the measure issues faced by the Tower of London was Overtourism and various challenges come in handling over-tourism at the Tower of London the first one was economic pressure as the Tower of London played an essential part in the London economy. There are various recommendations the first one is to implement tickets based on the time and along with this limit the number of people visiting the Tower of London to minimize overcrowding. The second recommendation is to enhance the traveling during the off seasons as it will enhance the experience of the customer. The third recommendation is to improve the partnership with the sponsors as that involves the local businesses and along with this the government.
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