PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

INTRODUCTION

According to Larsson and Larsson (2020), the process of procedures, strategies, expertise, experience, and knowledge to the accomplishment of particular performance objectives in compliance to project implementation requirements under an acceptable timeline is referred to as Project management. Time, expense as well as efficiency are indeed the basic components of each plan. The process of Project management is directed at creating a final result that can allow progress for the good of the company which launched the task. This report will focus on the evaluation and critical analysis of the process of project management. It will also include several tools that are included in the implementation of high project management standards. The report will also study the Project Manager roles. This report will research the two fields of Project Management is Process Innovation and the significance of Leadership within various industries. It will also involve an analysis of the mentioned fields of Project Management and their impact on various projects of different industries. In addition to all this, this report will also explain the success and failure of various cases of different industries.

TASKS

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

The process of Project management includes performance feedbacks which are limited to a limited budget and timeline. Task planning is the technique of directing the team's efforts in achieving the targets and meeting the requirements for performance at a prescribed period. The prime objective in the process of project management is to meet all of the goals of this study inside the limits set (Irfan et al., 2020). A task is a special, temporary attempt to accomplish the intended goals that may be specified in form of results, effects, or advantages. A project is commonly regarded to be progress if it meets its goals in compliance with its approval requirements, only within budget and timeline accepted. It is also the implementation, preparation, and management of several activities needed to achieve this finished product. As well as the project is unusual in it was not a standard procedure, however, a complex series of activities planned to meet a particular objective (Radujkovi? and Sjekavica, 2017).

DIFFERENT STEPS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

There seem to be 5 stages within the process of project management, and if the life span offers a better perspective of the task, the stages are a path guide to its completion. The life cycle of the project consists of 5 various stages, like initiation, preparation, implementation, control as well as completion, which collaborate to translate the proposed project into a complete assessment (Kivilä et al., 2017).

Initiation: The initial process of the project is the very initial step of translating an artificial construct into some kind of concrete objects. During this point, people have to design a plan and describe the plan at a worldwide stage. Also, to do something like this, people ought to recognize the requirement for such a system and provides a project plan. Remember the case of an automaker appointed to build an autonomous car (Ljevo et al., 2018). The choice of the car's configuration, capability as well as power consumption would not even be an aspect of the initiating stage. The only other guarantee would be if an automobile will be built under a specified budget and timeline.

Planning: The planning stage in the process needs full attention when it maps out all the proposal's outline. If people use a new approach of project management such as agile methods, the second stage of this process is mandated to experience about part of the overall project duration. The important considerations at this level seem to be the identification of technological specifications, the implementation of a comprehensive project plan, the design of a contact strategy, and the establishment of objectives/deliverables (Ordoñez et al., 2019).

Execution: The phase of project implementation would be where the real tasks are performed by the staff. As the manager of the project, the responsibility is to set up reliable frameworks as well as closely evaluate the status of the team (Zahid et al., 2018).

Monitoring and Controlling: This process will run concurrently only with the implementation of the project, ensuring that perhaps the goals, as well as results of the project, are fulfilled. During this stage of the project management process, the supervisor also becomes liable for statistical reporting of the initiative as well as costs during the operation (Schrapers, 2018).

Closing: It's the last step of the project management plan. The project completion process signifies the outcome of the research well after the successful execution of the task. There seem to be occasions where foreign expertise is expressly recruited for the contract task. The original objective of this process is to evaluate the whole task by completing a comprehensive analysis covering all aspects. The needed information is maintained in a secure variable that can be explained by the task management of the company (Cha et al., 2018).

TOOLS CONCERNED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION FOR EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT STANDARDS

As per stated by Schrapers (2018), Project management techniques seem to be the response of the program manager to handle tasks. Basic assignments involve little more than a schedule, whereas some complicated tasks need critical preparation, accomplishing responsibilities, establishing priorities, ensuring that anyone keeps to it, as well as monitoring the resources required. There is a need to accurately and equitably measure, critically, isolate and assign roles is also of immense significance, but this is where the utilization of digital software fits into. The project manager seems to have a dynamic part to perform in balancing staff, resources, expense, range, and consistency. This is almost difficult to maintain high standard works without any of the assistance of specific systems and tools (Kabeyi, 2019).

• The Microsoft Project was designed to assist management consultants in preparing, managing to fund, monitoring success as well as assessing task quantities. It is a highly esteemed technological solution that will make a major contribution to the progress of work. Microsoft Project is a good option for organizations, particularly when tasks need regular coordination with respective units (Abyad, 2018).

• Skype helps managers involved in a project to easily communicate with the staff, friends as well as customers, anywhere they can be. Skype for the company is developed primarily for the private industry to enhance company contact and save on foreign and long-distance phone conversations.

• The Trello method is based on the concept of Japanese kanban control that requires continuous control of almost all processes of output (Galli, 2020).

IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP

As explained by Ciulla (2020), leadership is a critical management role that seeks to increase efficiency and accomplish organizational objectives. Top management is, in reality, something important aspect as well as a critical part of efficient management that seeks to optimize productivity and accomplish desired outcomes. Leadership style is a double organizational initiative that seeks something better for people rather than what is better for a company at the same time. This is also behavior as well as leadership skills which encourages a people to represent from its peak, center, or base of an entity in a certain position (Colovic, 2021). A person's perspective is characterized by the person's behaviors, thoughts, values, and external influences that cause a person to control others. Leadership style within business includes an appreciation of the company's aggregate viewpoints that comprises of all the other varied and often contradictory points of view of people in the company. As studied by Devrishi (2021), good leadership needs capitalizing on abilities and minimizing vulnerabilities. Strength can be characterized as constant, similar to the ideal output in an operation. Leadership requires critical thinking, not just to know the mission of an entity, but also the capacity to successfully deliver as well as convey the purpose.

WBS STRUCTURE: The Work Breakdown System i.e. WBS is an illustrated guide for identifying and monitoring the achievable task and then all the necessary devices required to construct that as well (Zehir and Hemedan, 2020). With such a task breakdown structure, people will start concentrating on what one person needs to perform when people head into the completion of the project. WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the overall job description to be performed by the system group to meet the goals of the project given as well as to generate the necessary timelines. Through WBS, people start with the intended result or object that people then dissolve or disintegrate in smaller projects or activities that people need to build (Suleman et al., 2020). Sure WBS helps in planning, forecasting prices as well as threat determination. This is often viewed as a schematic, like some kind of contents page, and might be arranged to utilize sections and perhaps other graphic organizing structures. According to Rossouw (2018), WBS or checklist is an important force for effective and timely execution of tasks. WBS is designed in the shape of a pyramid structure of the tree, arranged by goals; it appears like that of an organizational map that lets the management team envision the entire project as well as its essential parts. In the very first stage, there is the overall aim of the task, at level 2 there are project goals, at level 3 there are task results then at the 4th level there are tasks (Moussa et al., 2018).

Taking the manufacturing industry as an example, the scale and scope of the project will decide the number of necessary level by the Work Breakdown Structure. Additional stages could be included with certain proposals to reflect transitional targets. Some initiatives can opt to organize the WBS according to the geographic regions of the program or to organize the goals of the groups involved in the task (Montgomery, 2020). Throughout the Work Breakdown Structure, the task manager is expected to explain the impact of its activities in a manner that would be transparent to project management, while at the same moment recording the sequence and work performed required to generate such results. The WBS shall include a way of closely describing the results of the plan and shall encourage the recognition of particular task components as well as the coalitions needed to produce every component (Tjun and Arsjah, 2020).

ROLES OF A PROJECT MANAGER: As described by Oh and Choi (2020), project managers take a leading role in the preparation, implementation, supervision, management, and closure of programs. Such individuals are responsible for the full objectives of the research, the project group, the assets as well as the progress or loss of the project. Strong project managers are individuals with an outstanding innovative mentality. It helps us to learn of a project further than the essential skills required to handle that, and this is the responsibility of the project manager to lead groups and members of the team to the end of the stage. Also after each day, the progress or loss of the project lies squarely on the project manager, because he or she is accountable for the success impact. Project managers maintain information and expertise going smoothly. People also need technological know-how as well as the first experience of the roles delegated to anyone to finish the building going ahead. By leading challenging projects from start to finish, individuals also have the opportunity to affect the firm's course, support minimizes costs, improve business performance as well as raise sales (Rehman et al., 2020). The project manager's responsibility of abilities such as the opportunity to question pervasive concerns, spot undetected perceptions and settle disputes, and also more project skills of management. The main role of the project manager is to understand that perhaps the uncertainty strongly affects the probability of completion and therefore this uncertainty should be assessed both systematically and unofficially over the lifespan of the project (Gopinathan, 2020).

As stated by Ahmed and Anantatmula (2017), an effective project manager could dramatically minimize losses, mostly by complying with a transparent dialogue strategy, maintaining that any important person can share concerns and opinions. The project manager is the one purpose to make decisions, both small and big. The project manager needs to ensure that they monitor the strategies that minimize confusion. Any action made by the project manager would currently support the project. Project managers utilize tools and techniques of project management including Microsoft Project, to coordinate the projects and personnel. These programming languages enable the manages of the project to generate reports as well as maps within the next few moments, opposed to several times if they're doing it through hands. An important aspect of the responsibility of every project manager is to organize and direct the team of a project (Terblanche and Nkukwana, 2017). It includes outstanding interaction, interpersonal and teamwork skills, and also a new appreciation for the qualities as well as shortcomings of everyone else. When the group has also been set up, the project manager gives directions, makes decisions, offers comprehensive support, and communicates also with participants daily (Hassan et al., 2017).

PROCESS INNOVATION

According to the study of Schniederjans (2018), process innovation includes the emergence of a new or modified development or distribution strategy, involving improvements in working procedures, strategies used, and facilities or applications. System advancement is the implementation or development of new processes in the organization to accomplish everything which allows a company to compete effectively and satisfy the needs of its consumers. Process innovation occurs when a business addresses a current challenge or conducts an existing model of business in a fundamentally new manner that creates anything too positive for others who meet these demands, those which depend on the methods or both (Chang et al., 2019). For example, within the construction industry, the implementation of an entirely new series to a current production line that accelerates manufacturing by 100 percent, reducing the company time and resources, maybe called a process innovation. The construction industry now also placed modern technological management practices in place or discovers opportunities to be using elderly things in different ways at just the core of the process innovation activities (Ozorhon and Oral, 2017).

Process innovation could always produce demand for internal stakeholders, such as workers or the entire company alone, and it can also make profits for potential clients such as corporate associates, application developers, or specific users. Values resulting through process innovation also provide a reduction in the time required to manufacture a product or conduct an operation; a rise there in the number of goods or services manufactured in a period as well as a reduction in prices for every item made or service delivered (Ziemba et al., 2020). In contrast, process innovation will contribute to large increases in productivity and improved levels of services. The complex world, marked by trends including the privatization of business, the globalization of trade, the customer demands and opportunities in the technology area, demands a method organization mostly with the client as the target of the firm's management. Digitalization has been an ongoing phenomenon, and corporate management is no different. There seem to be vast areas of operation and method businesses are projected to profit throughout the long run from the digitization and deployment of process innovations (Rahmah et al., 2020).

Process innovation within the hospitality industry, for example, would be used to assist businesses in integrating the systems in a client way to better achieve market performance in long run. The reconstruction of procedures is assisted by industry market-pull as well as technology-driven impacts on corporation areas of operation to produce an ideal look (Tweneboah-Koduah et al., 2020). In response to the overhaul of systems and policies, strong attention is required on technologies that allow progress available to the masses. The goal of such a strategy is to address potential consumer demands by global industry technology and emerging innovations have a major role in facilitating the growth of new solutions within the hospitality industry. Process innovation may involve improvements in techniques and facilities used throughout production (such as applications used throughout product development process), improved tools, procedures as well as software systems that used aid in the distribution and supply network, improvements in instruments often used market and manage the products, and also approaches used mostly for procurement and consumer support (Danso et al., 2020). Henry Ford's discovery of the globe's first rotating production line is amongst the most successful as well as field examples of process innovation. The whole method not just improved the streamlined layout of the automobile but also reduce the amount of time taken to manufacture a single car between 10 hours to 2 hours (Pisicchio and Toaldo, 2020).

Process innovation offers a plethora of advantages. Most of which are driven to the sector of business. As per some drug manufacturer, the total time to plan plants for manufacturing usually adds another year to the production schedule of the product. Top leadership was unsure of all this, although administrators inside the process improvement department were well conscious of that as well (Möldner et al., 2020). Rapid boost is indeed essential as it helps businesses to make sales more rapidly, reach the industry, and regain their expenditure in growth. Further, the quicker the start increasing happens, the quicker vital capital will be released to fund the very next item. Process improvement skills will however act as a shield against different powers in elevated companies. A relatively short lifespan improves the importance of easy to economic systems. Those businesses with process planning production and development skills will also have greater flexibility to select the items that want to produce instead of being compelled to adhere to layouts. As per Suksod and Chantanasombat (2020), pharmaceutical firms have acted in the simplest terms. They postponed primary design R&D investment till they were fairly confident that the item was going to be received for production. Process and manufacturing engineers were also on-site to ensure that the firm was able to have increased space yet did not load up. A business is making process innovation the better the net profit margin. Correcting process configuration issues on the production line is time-consuming and expensive. The sooner such issues are detected in the product lifecycle, the quicker the system lead duration (Dhanora et al., 2020).

CONCLUSION

It is hereby concluded from the aforementioned studies that leadership and process innovation has a crucial role to play in the development and sustainability of the industry within the existing and global markets. This report has focused on the evaluation and critical analysis of the process of project management. It has also included several tools that are included in the implementation of high project management standards. The report has been discussed about the Project Manager roles. This report has researched the two fields of Project Management is Process Innovation and the significance of Leadership within various industries. It has also involved analysis of the mentioned fields of Project Management and its impact on various projects of different industries. In addition to all this, this report has also explained the success and failure of various cases of different industries.

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