HI5029
IS Project Management
T2 2024
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Table of Contents
Introduction
The main purpose of the report is to analyze the scope differences in scrum projects compared to other management projects that use different methodologies. Scrum is a popular agile framework known for its flexibility and adjustment in project scopes. These features are beneficial in many ways. They also help raise concerns about potential and greater scope differences compared with other project management methodologies. It enables the team to accommodate the changes without any disruption to project flow and working functionalities. Ongoing challenges still face the team like being aligned with the stakeholders and managing the team workload on specific sub-packages of projects. The objective of this report is to conduct a literature review on the agile framework with scrum in project scope management. It also helps to the identification of methods used in scope handling changes in scrum projects and it identifies the challenges that occur with changes and helps to maintain the methodology control on project scope. This framework helps to provide control on project scope that helps in project success with high accuracy and flexibility. Agile and scrum both promote cross-functional teams and allow more efficient collaboration among team members who are working on complex projects (Marnada, et al., 2022, p291(2)). These methodologies are ideal for projects that need teams to complete backlogs. It divides the whole process into sub-packages that make the implementation and development process easier. Scrum helps with the efficiency of projects with innovative drive results.
This report aims to address client concerns about the scrum projects experiencing scope changes with other project types. Scrum agile framework is known for flexibility and iterative approaches that may create situations where the project scope changes so many times. In this, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the scrum project scope change management, the challenges faced concerning scope changes, and measures to keep project scope in control. These findings would help project managers and stakeholders understand the dynamic around scope in the scrum that helps in implementing changes to enhance the project outcomes.
Literature Review
SCRUM, along with agile methodologies, lays great pressure on the iterative development of projects, collaboration and adaptabilities features for the latest updates (Marnada, et al., 2022, p291(2)). These guiding principles are intended to deploy terms of projects capable of working as per the changes and achieving the project goals gradually. SCRUM is specifically a methodology developed to improve project management by the use of time-bounded projects distributed in small packages that are called sprints the team works in parallel on these packages.
Figure 1 Agile vs scrum
(Source: Motivity, 2023)
The literature on agile and scrum project management elucidates the dynamic state of scope changes in projects. It indicates that scrum projects experience changes in scope often, mainly due to their flexibility and integrative approach (Bhavsar et al., 2020, p842(2)). Research has shown that communication of stakeholders and effort estimations are some of the key challenges that affect scrum projects. In other words, other studies indicate that adaptive planning combined with feedback is essential to the successful management of scope changes in projects (Reddy et al., 2021, p1(2)).
Every sprint lasts at least 2 to 4 weeks and ends with a review and retrospective, an opportunity for the team to change the project scope and declaration to depend on stakeholder feedback and evolving project requirements as per project needs (Bhavsar, Shah and Gopalan, 2020). In this way, it seeks to provide a clear and more transparent point of view of the efforts that are needed to receive final approval from the traditional budget ceiling.
Arasu, Nallabasha and Olausson divided the generalized agility into software development, organizational and agile development (Marnada, et al., 2022, p291(2)). Arasu listed pricing, schedule, quality, changes and importance of the user's five main scopes of agility – Microsoft took a long time to go through many mistakes to learn this lesson when customers finally were involved in the upfront and analysis phase of software development (Aizaz, et al., 2021, p109167(3)). Technology and software tools are important parts of agile transformation. Technology influences the infrastructure that agile teams are going to use and will have a major influence on them. Tools help to hold the space with real-time collaboration and developers can share their feedback as they find their strength in performing teamwork tasks while managers can integrate efficient, harmonious interrelation (Orlov, et al., 2021, p694(3)).
One of the possible solutions to this is ensuring that it is conducted in an agile way, meaning that parts of the project are completed in smaller phases and continuously awaited to provide changes if necessary. The development of business ideas is also a requirement in some strategic management courses offered in accredited business schools and universities (Hema, et al., 2020, p2(2)). A course evaluation of the physical electrical engineering course after the first semester. It is an ongoing journey and it enables the production of the desired software and services at the fourth level of efficiency (Orlov, et al., 2021, p694(3)). The FastICA algorithm replaces the mutual information matrix in FastICA and the algorithm tries not to make all minima equal to zero. The team is a group of three to ten people who have skills in design, business, analytical and development to perform work and solve problems. They mainly operate with the development and design of the product and scope management FastICA contributes to e-commerce in Brazil by making the sellers able to reach buyers more easily by avoiding intermediaries and thereby making the buying process (Afshari & Gandomani, 2022, p2912(2)). The future of existing products and markets is predictable by analysis of prevalent trends and their implications on business strategy.
However, the use of IT may lead to chemical imbalances or other abnormalities since it disrupts the normal functioning of the brain leading to a reduction in the ability to focus. These essays remain useful for students and instructors as they cover a broad range of topics and provide informative discussions and insights into diverse engineering areas (Afshari & Gandomani, 2022, p2912(2)).
Agile Project management is a best practice and pitfalls elaborate on the best practices and identifies the most common pitfalls in agile projects with emphasis on effective management of project scope. Scope management in scrum involves defining and managing what is included in the software. It is a flexible process allowing developers to scope changes throughout the lifecycle of the project.
The role of product owner in managing the scope in scrum in which the author queries what would be the role of the product owners in scope management while the impact of scope changes on project success in agile projects elaborates on the relation between project success and changes in the scope of the Agile projects. Agile Methodologies and project success go over techniques concerned with requirements and scope management in agile projects (Borowicz, 2020, p2(5)).
These collective studies emphasize that scrum projects must exercise disciplined management practices to handle scope creep and attain project success.
Discussion
The methodologies used for implementing scope changes in scrum are backlog refinement, sprint planning and daily stand-ups. Essentially backlog refinement requires the product backlog to be regularly changed to integrate scope changes. With this standard practice, the ongoing clarification of the project needs helps keep track of standard practice. The ongoing clarification of the project needs to help keep track of stakeholder expectations and emerging product requirements. Traditionally, Sprint planning is used for adjusting to each sprint change or still new functional requirements allowing the project to remain open-take in an adaptive sense. Daily stand-ups are short meetings where team members discuss their progress and any changes needed and provide an opportunity for their timely scope changes. The scrum helps with scope management effectively and minimizes the risk factor while enhancing the valuable delivery of the project to the stakeholders. The ICA algorithm changes the mutual information matrix in FastICA and the algorithm tries not to make all minima equal to zero. FastICA helps e-commerce in Brazil by making the sellers able to reach buyers more easily by avoiding intermediaries and thereby making cheaper the buying process. The scrum helps to manage scope changes and product requirements by performing standard practices that help to maintain the product needs and stakeholder expectations toward project success (Patrucco et al., 2022, p3503(5)).
Common problems with changing scope in scrum include scope creep, stakeholder magazine and flexibilities. Scope creep refers to uncontrolled alterations to the extent of the project that might delay or exceed the budget. This challenge is accentuated in scrum projects due to the nature of brevity, interaction and flexibility. Stakeholder management interacts within a scale continuum that balances the expectations of the stakeholders, ensuring that the project maintains alignment with stakeholder needs whilst precluding scope spread (Afshari & Gandomani, 2022, p2912(2)). Flexibility itself presents another challenge due to demands for balancing between responding to requirements changing on the scrum fly while simultaneously limiting disruption to the project’s original stated values and scope.
Effective scope management approaches in scrum include creating actionable definitions of user stories, continued communications with stakeholders and providing iterative planning and service management. Technology influences the infrastructure that agile teams are going to use and will have a major influence on them. Tools help to hold the space with real-time collaboration and developers can share their feedback as they find their strength in performing teamwork tasks while managers can integrate efficient, harmonious interrelation. An actionable definition of user stories ensures that all user stories are concrete and divided among all team members. It helps in minimizing the risk of scope creep. Communication between team stakeholders illuminates the aforementioned need to provide opportunities to adjust the project when expectations change. Iterative planning and management require the product scope to continuously be planned iteratively. These are all based on some before feedback as well as memory changes that ensure the steady and flexibility of certain products (Hron & Obwegeser, 2022, p2(2)).
Technologies such as backlog refinement and planning are very essential within the scrum framework. It enables the team to accommodate the changes without any disruption to project flow and working functionalities. Ongoing challenges still face the team like being aligned with the stakeholders and managing the team workload on specific sub-packages of projects.
For example, the usage of user stories enables breaking down requirements into manageable sub-packages, while charts provide a view into the whole process and remaining work.
Roles in Agile Scrum
There are mainly three main roles of Scrum are - scrum master, scrum team and product owner and all these are included in scrum projects (Orlov, et al., 2021, p694(3)).
The master of scrum is the facilitator in the development process of the project. This role holds meetings with the team and deploys the rules that are being enforced. Master responsibilities also consist of providing paths for projects and promoting teamwork
The product owner directly represents the stakeholders who are clients. This role ensures the delivery of products to the stakeholders. It ensures the product expectations and changes with the scrum backlog. The main responsibility is to provide features that are built into each sub-package.
The team is a group of three to ten people who have skills in design, business, analysis and development to perform work and solve problems. They mainly operate with the development and design of the product and scope management. There are some other roles also such as customers, management and executives.
Conclusion
In conclusion, scrum projects can experience changes in the scope easily. Such flexibility on the part of project teams and stakeholders to adjust to the continuing changing requirements is a good thing because it accommodates the value of the delivery in sub-packages. However, scope creep and possible difficulties of management can iterate throughout. Effective scope management in scrum enjoys constant backlog refinement, sprint planning and stakeholder communication. These methods ensure that the project continues to satisfy stakeholder expectations and evolving needs while managing the project scope and changes.
Because of well-illustrated user stories regular stakeholder communication and iterative planning, help increase potential challenges with scope creep and stakeholder pressures. Thus, the project controlling process solidly allows for keeping project changes and scope updated and project success and outcome results. Having information on the different ways of managing project scope changes arising from scrum projects. The ongoing clarification of the project needs to help keep track of stakeholder expectations and emerging product requirements. Traditionally, Sprint planning is used for adjusting to each sprint change or still new functional requirements allowing the project to remain open-take in an adaptive sense. The proper scope management measures to consider allow the project team to develop good maneuvers about scope changes to ensure the high success rate of their projects.
Scrum projects provide prime opportunities for massive scope changes and some are aligned with the basic goals of scope management that require communications, adaptation to the changing environment within the plan and some instruments to support agile models as remarked from the literature review and critique outlines. The importance of discipline in refined methods in getting control of project scope. By all those issues and analyses, resulting in strategy recommendations, organizations will perform better at the odds of scrum project success. This report reiterates the continuous improvement and acceptance of scope management practices really hold for fast-moving models for projects. SCRUM helps with scope management effectively and minimizes the risk factor while enhancing the valuable delivery of the project to the stakeholders.
References
Afshari, M. & Gandomani, T.J., 2022. A novel risk management model in the Scrum and extreme programming hybrid methodology. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 12(3), pp.2911-2921. https://www.academia.edu/download/93276841/15672.pdf
Aizaz, F., Khan, S.U.R., Khan, J.A. & Akhunzada, A., 2021. An empirical investigation of factors causing scope creep in agile global software development context: a conceptual model for project managers. IEEE Access, 9, pp.109166-109195. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9499039/
Bhavsar, K., Shah, V. & Gopalan, S., 2020. Scrum: An agile process reengineering in software engineering. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(3), pp.840-848. https://www.academia.edu/download/89641779/C8545019320.pdf
Borowicz, A., 2020. Orthogonal approach to independent component analysis using quaternionic factorization’ EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2020, pp.1-23. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13634-020-00697-0
Hema, V., Thota, S., Kumar, S.N., Padmaja, C., Krishna, C.B.R. & Mahender, K., 2020. Scrum: An effective software development agile tool. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 981(2), p. 022060). IOP Publishing. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/981/2/022060/meta
Hron, M. & Obwegeser, N., 2022. Why and how is Scrum being adapted in practice: A systematic review. Journal of Systems and Software, 183, p.111110. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121221002077
Marnada, P., Raharjo, T., Hardian, B. & Prasetyo, A., 2022. Agile project management challenge in handling scope and change: A systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 197, pp.290-300. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705092102367X
Motivity 2023. Agile vs Scrum: Key Differences and Similarities you need to know. Motivity Labs. Available at: https://motivitylabs.com/agile-vs-scrum-key-differences-and-similarities-you-need-to-know/ [Accessed 6 Oct. 2024].
Orlov, E.V., Rogulenko, T.M., Smolyakov, O.A., Oshovskaya, N.V., Zvorykina, T.I., Rostanets, V.G. & Dyundik, E.P., 2021. Comparative analysis of the use of kanban and scrum methodologies in it projects. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 9(4), pp.693-700. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Taylor-28/publication/354331714_Evgeniy_Vladimirovich_Orlov_Tatyana_Mikhailovna_Rogulenko_Oleg_Alexandrovich_Smolyakov_Nataliya_Vladimirovna_Oshovskaya_Tatiana_Ivanovna_Zvorykina_Victor_Grigorevich_Rostanets_Elena_Petrovna_Dyundik_2/links/6131e869c69a4e48797686a8/Evgeniy-Vladimirovich-Orlov-Tatyana-Mikhailovna-Rogulenko-Oleg-Alexandrovich-Smolyakov-Nataliya-Vladimirovna-Oshovskaya-Tatiana-Ivanovna-Zvorykina-Victor-Grigorevich-Rostanets-Elena-Petrovna-Dyu.pdf
Patrucco, A.S., Canterino, F. & Minelgaite, I., 2022. How do scrum methodologies influence the team's cultural values? A multiple case study on agile teams in Nonsoftware industries. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 69(6), pp.3503-3513. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9711919/
Reddy, P.C., Nachiyappan, S., Ramakrishna, V., Senthil, R. & Anwer, M.S., 2021. Hybrid model using scrum methodology for softwar development system. J Nucl Ene Sci Power Generat Techno, 10(9), p.2. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/P-Chandrashaker-Reddy/publication/355986623_Hybrid_Model_Using_Scrum_Methodology_for_Softwar_Development_System/links/6189295a07be5f31b758f2cb/Hybrid-Model-Using-Scrum-Methodology-for-Softwar-Development-System.pdf
