The advent of artificial intelligence

Faculty of Higher Education

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	Year	2024
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Topic

The advent of artificial intelligence

Research questions

What is the role of Artificial Intelligence in creating opportunities in different areas?

Relevant facts

After reviewing and watching the videos, the following relevant facts have been observed:

1. Robots are just like humans: The area of human-robot collaboration has received a lot of attention. There are multiple studies and industrial laboratories, experimenting with the collaboration between robots and humans across the world. The biggest motivation behind this is the use of AI and robots in different areas. The use of robots and AI can develop decision-making by serving large amounts of data to analyse patterns as well as trends often not visible to humans (Duan, Edwards and Dwivedi, 2019). They can predict the potential outcomes, offering businesses and people to develop informed decisions.

2. Machines have abilities such as learning, and reading to develop hyper-real content: With the implementation of AI, the burden of humans is reduced with the help of devices and machines Artificial intelligence is recognised as the integration of physiology and computer science. Intelligence is the strength to reach the objectives. The AI can develop memorising as well as understanding patterns and developing choices implementing to change and effectively learn from the experiences (Tapalova and Zhiyenbayeva, 2022). It focuses on non-algorithm, symbolic problem-solving methods. The objective of its sub is to involve the objectives of its sub-areas inclusive of natural language processing, expert systems and pattern recognition as well as robotics to stimulate people's intelligence with computers. In the process of overall development, people are now aware of and pay attention to the necessity of technology in every field. As per Shaw, et. al., (2019), AI is also recognised as a general-purpose technology that reflects the core set of abilities that can be leveraged to act a wide variety of operations in the various contexts of applications.

3. Generative AI utilised to analyse appropriation for fraud and misinformation: Generative AI brings various opportunities across different industries and generates domains. The AI can synthesise realistic outputs involving artistic styles, mimicking writings (Ooi, et. al., 2023). Hence it can also produce a large amount of data, offering the rapid distribution of content within a short period.

4. Robots think like humans but still find difficulties while interacting with individuals: Robots are the most intelligent tools and also deserve to be treated with dignity and respect (Babushkina, 2022). They find it difficult to interact with the children within healthcare settings, schools and homes while assisting them with learning, play as well as healthcare treatment.

5. AI does not cause harm to people but is helpful and friendly: The implementation of AI can easily automate and also speed up the procedures within the society like enhancing the efficiency at the workplace and developing the decision making (Shaw, et. al., 2019). It helps to analyse and resolve the issues that people may not be able to effectively resolve on their own.

6. AI is helpful to radiologists in detecting breast cancer: There are various artificial intelligence cancer detection software that have been analysed and introduced for mammography. Many software algorithms are considered at performance level as compared to radiologists in analysing mammograms. Ther are various potential role of Artificial intelligence within the screening process. The AI algorithm and density of mammography are recognised as explanatory factors used for interval cancers (Dembrower, et. al., 2020). AI tool determines subtle unidentified tumour markers while the mammographic density is related to the risk of masking or tumour signs or obstruction. Also, the valuable feature of the AI software is that the cancer detector creates a high image for the localisation of the results in the mammography image. Overall, it has been analysed that utilising AI software for radiology assessment has minimised the workload of radiologists.

7. Misuse of AI in the wrong hands: The study of AI is related to sophisticated machines that need the efforts of humans and require individual intelligence like language interpretations, decision-making and discourse acknowledgement. Various industries have adopted AI tools such as healthcare, service, entertainment, services and education. It is an effective tool for solving the however, there are some areas in which AI IS misused. As it is accessed by everyone such students can review, create and re-write the content. When Artificial Intelligence is misused, the results can be severe. Moreover, the use of AI tools can be biased, if algorithms are biased. This can lead to the unfair treatment of various groups of individuals such as lending, criminal justice and hiring and can perpetuate the existing economic and social inequalities (Ntoutsi, et. al., 2020). Moreover, AI has been used to introduce sophisticated cyberattacks like malware attacks and phishing. Some people use AI to develop and disseminate inappropriate news, deepfakes and propaganda. This is utilised to manipulate public opinion and undermine democratic institutions.

Literature source

Themes identified	Objectives	Sources	Reason for selection
The AI and machine learning tools have been effectively used to perform different operations.	Use of AI in different sectors	Huang, Saleh and Liu, (2021)	This source involves relevant information regarding the use of artificial intelligence in education.
AI technology has completely changed all types of industries such as the energy sector and promotes sustainability.	Impact of AI on energy industries.	Ahmad, et. al., (2021)	It involves appropriate data in terms of the energy sector.
Utilization of robots has developed in hotels, airports restaurants, retail and transport areas.	Use of AI in service and marketing sectors	(Vla?i?, et. al., 2021) (Dwivedi, et. al., 2021)	These sources are relevant to collecting information regarding the use of AI in the marketing sector.

Literature Review

In the current situation, with the growth of technology and global science, the technique of AI has been effectively improved by bounds as well as leaps. Artificial tools have been used and updated significantly in different fields. It is an indisputable fact that AI has been used in business operations and education (Huang, Saleh and Liu, 2021) Innovative advancements in AI tools are completely changing all kinds of sectors as well as industries. In various countries, the AU and machine learning tools have been effectively used to perform different operations such as forecasting, controlling and efficient power systems. This AI technology of a branch of science that majorly involves upgrading machines to analyse and recommend solutions to severe issues that occur in organisations. The recent boom in AI tools is big data handling, information technology, massive computational power and improved deep learning and machine learning algorithms. With the help of deep mining AI tools, google has been able to reduce the bill of the field of device management as compared to device management. In the opinion of Ahmad, et. al., (2021), new advancements in AI technology are completely changing all types of industries. In various countries, the AI tool has been used to perform various tasks in forecasting, controlling and efficient power systems. The use of human-robot collaboration has achieved popularity in every sector. There are a lot of studies as well as industrial laboratories, that are experimenting with the effective collaboration among the robots as well as humans across the world. The major motivation behind this is the utilisation of AI tools and robots in multiple areas.

Use of AI In different areas

The use of artificial intelligence in the Energy sector

With the significant rise in AI deployment or the Internet of Things within the energy sector, it can be said that the potential supply of energy must be cheap, safe and clean (SaberiKamarposht, et. al., 2024). This can help reduce the customer's electricity, minimise greenhouse emissions and facilitate the grid operators to maintain the reliability of the power system. Artificial intelligence can be the most valuable technique for reaching these requirements. The digital technologies of AI facilitate the energy industries in various ways involving the operation as well as maintenance of the sources of renewable energy, better reviewing of the power infrastructure, new market designs and development of more secure systems (Ahmad, et. al., 2021).

The use of artificial intelligence in marketing

Research on the technological and digital evolution in marketing has been fast-paced to explore the different ways to impact the understanding and knowledge potential of the company while managing the customer needs as well as delivering offerings. For strategic purposes, the use of AI is becoming crucial in marketing. Organisations such as Rare Cart, Google, Under Armor, and Spotify are among the firms on the list of organisations improving their performance by implementing AI-based platforms like Amazon Lex, Google Assistant, Microsoft cognitive services, and IBM Watson (Vla?i?, et. al., 2021). This approach develops their interaction over the marketing channel and enhances market forecasting as well as automation.

The use of artificial intelligence in the health sector

The adoption of AI is increasing rapidly in every sector and healthcare is no exception. Artificial intelligence is no exception. Developing technology such as Artificial intelligence is increasingly becoming popular within the organisation and also applied to the health care sectors. These technologies provide advanced care to the patients and administrative systems of the healthcare sectors. It is also performing effectively rather than humans accomplishing health care tasks such as diagnosing various kinds of diseases. Radiologists are identified as an example of artificial intelligence that is helping healthcare experts spot malignant tumours. AI offers to automate medical care reducing the barriers to rapidly implementing artificial intelligence in the healthcare department (Bonab and Yazdani-Asrami, 2024). Some kinds of AI technology are significantly used in hospitals for deep learning and neural networks. It is identified as a statistical technique for establishing models for training and development for health care researchers.

Machine learning is considered the most common form of artificial intelligence that is implemented in healthcare organisations by replacing traditional machines and accomplishing treatment protocols. The great majority of precision medicine and machine learning applications require a learning data set for which the disease results are acquired known as supervised learning (Ahmad, et. al., 2021). The treatment and diagnosis process of disease has become a major focus of artificial intelligence to support patients suffering from diseases like blood-borne bacterial infections. This technology established the rule-based system with showing promise for treating disease and diagnosis systems, but this technology is not provided for clinical practices. Some health care departments also experimented the chatbots for improving the patient’s mental wellness, health, patient interaction, and telehealth. The NLP-based applications also can be used for making transactions, making appointments, and refilling prescriptions. Additionally, the AI technology in the health care system is identified as aligned with payment administration called machine learning.

The use of artificial intelligence in service sectors

The integration of artificial intelligence within customer service is recognised as the most exciting practice (Dwivedi, et. al., 2021). The utilisation of robots has developed in hotels, airports restaurants, retail and transport areas. As per the appearance, robots in the service industries can be classified as a combination of cartoonish, functional, mixed or human-like robots. In the modern world artificial intelligence has become the most effective and promising technology that copies human behaviour and intelligence to accomplish tasks within a service sector. AI technology can be used in the service sector as neural networks, machine learning, and natural language processes. It also allows machines to comprehend, sense, learn and act through human-machine interaction.

It has been used by different service sectors in various ways to interact and communicate the people through their voice, gestures, touch, and sensors. The rising establishment of AI technology supports organisations in fulfilling the customers’ needs by increasing the skill and adaptability of employees’ services. AI assistance helps employees to improve their performance to provide better results to the customers (Duan, et. al., 2019). AI also has significant value in the marketing field focusing towards marketing practices that are changing rapidly due to this technology. Additionally, within the organisations and also in the marketing area the greater part of artificial intelligence focuses towards AI related to customer-facing. AI also interacts with customers by establishing their marketing interests and experience through their customer journey.

The use of artificial intelligence in education sectors

Artificial intelligence is also developing in the education sector by offering different AI-based tools and technologies to the educational system and organisations. The education system has transformed from a traditional learning process to AI AI-based learning system that enables the student's learning process quick and easier. The ICT approach in the educational system is the best example of AI-based technology that provides global customers quick and intellectual learning process (Huang, et. al., 2021). AI is a technology that aims to develop computers with human-based logic and reasoning. It helps to accelerate the digital education transformation. Education is significant for development for child therefore artificial intelligence is required to improve their learning ability. It is identified as an emerging technology that provides a robust education system to children and students. It plays a significant role in providing students with e-learning and e-teaching in their higher education. A major focus is also identified as exploring the different wonders in the education system based on artificial intelligence. It also analyses the innovation and educational ramifications in changing students learning and instructing them towards their major development (Shaw, et. al., 2019). AI is also developing impacting teaching, learning, assessment, collaboration, and references. It develops the translanguaging process in EFL classrooms along with developing the different curriculum activities that reduce the student’s frustration towards the learning process.

Application

The diffusion of innovations theory signifies the new behaviours, ideas, and good spread of technologies through the population gradually. It focuses on starting the adoption of technology with early adopters like students (Bonab, et. al., 2024). The adoption of the Uber application is identified as an innovative approach in the service sector that integrates the technology acceptance model and diffusion of innovation theory. Each model describes the usefulness of innovation along with their characteristics. The technology acceptance model identifies the significant factors that affect innovation acceptance. The technology acceptance model is identified as the most effective and widely used model that can be used by organisations to accept wider technologies to achieve better organisational objectives (Vla?i?, et. al., 2021). On the other hand, diffusion theory is a psychological and extensive social theory that has an object to support people in making decisions to adopt the innovation. It presents five innovation devices complexity, compatibility, observability, and trialability.

Evaluation

It is identified through the above discussion that this study is based on the advent of artificial intelligence Different roles of artificial intelligence are described in different sectors that focus towards accomplishing the organisational objectives. It is concluded through the given above discussion that artificial intelligence is used in different sectors like energy sectors, health care sectors, educational sectors, and services sectors differently. It is identified as the best technology that supports effectively in different sectors to develop the capability, performance, and productivity of the employees. It became the prevailing tool the develop the ICT approach within the educational setting to develop the students’ intellectual capabilities.

References

Ahmad, T., Zhang, D., Huang, C., Zhang, H., Dai, N., Song, Y. and Chen, H., 2021. Artificial intelligence in sustainable energy industry: Status Quo, challenges and opportunities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 289, p.125834.

Babushkina, D., 2022. What does it mean for a robot to be respectful?. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, 26(1), pp.1-30.https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/files/257866531/techne_2022_0026_0001_0003_0032.pdf

Bonab, S.A. and Yazdani-Asrami, M., 2024. Investigation on the heat transfer estimation of subcooled liquid hydrogen for transportation applications using intelligent technique. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 84, pp.468-479. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319924034190

Dembrower, K., Wåhlin, E., Liu, Y., Salim, M., Smith, K., Lindholm, P., Eklund, M. and Strand, F., 2020. Effect of artificial intelligence-based triaging of breast cancer screening mammograms on cancer detection and radiologist workload: a retrospective simulation study. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(9), pp.e468-e474.https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/landig/PIIS2589-7500(20)30185-0.pdf

Duan, Y., Edwards, J.S. and Dwivedi, Y.K., 2019. Artificial intelligence for decision making in the era of Big Data–evolution, challenges and research agenda. International journal of information management, 48, pp.63-71.https://uobrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10547/623124/Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20the%20era%20of%20Big%20Data%20revised%20final%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=n

Huang, J., Saleh, S. and Liu, Y., 2021. A review on artificial intelligence in education. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(3).https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4590/d37ca3f650e9f72613189003a8c49eddb75b.pdf

Ntoutsi, E., Fafalios, P., Gadiraju, U., Iosifidis, V., Nejdl, W., Vidal, M.E., Ruggieri, S., Turini, F., Papadopoulos, S., Krasanakis, E. and Kompatsiaris, I., 2020. Bias in data?driven artificial intelligence systems—An introductory survey. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 10(3), p.e1356.https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/widm.1356

Ooi, K.B., Tan, G.W.H., Al-Emran, M., Al-Sharafi, M.A., Capatina, A., Chakraborty, A., Dwivedi, Y.K., Huang, T.L., Kar, A.K., Lee, V.H. and Loh, X.M., 2023. The potential of generative artificial intelligence across disciplines: Perspectives and future directions. Journal of Computer Information Systems, pp.1-32.https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64557/Details

SaberiKamarposhti, M., Kamyab, H., Krishnan, S., Yusuf, M., Rezania, S., Chelliapan, S. and Khorami, M., 2024. A comprehensive review of AI-enhanced smart grid integration for hydrogen energy: Advances, challenges, and future prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

Shaw, J., Rudzicz, F., Jamieson, T. and Goldfarb, A., 2019. Artificial intelligence and the implementation challenge. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(7), p.e13659.https://www.jmir.org/2019/7/e13659/

Tapalova, O. and Zhiyenbayeva, N., 2022. Artificial intelligence in education: AIEd for personalised learning pathways. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 20(5), pp.639-653.https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1373006.pdf

Vla?i?, B., Corbo, L., e Silva, S.C. and Dabi?, M., 2021. The evolving role of artificial intelligence in marketing: A review and research agenda. Journal of business research, 128, pp.187-203.https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/834100/4/Postprint%202021%20AI%20review%20JBR.pdf