Unit 19: Crafting Effective Marketing Plans

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Unit 19: Crafting Effective Marketing Plans
Unit 19: Crafting Effective Marketing Plans
This is solution of Marketing Planning Assignment, it is part of HND Business Course.

Introduction

KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) is one of the most popular and widely spread fast food chain spread across various countries. KFC has established in market as a specialist in fried chicken. Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, US, KFC today is world’s second largest fast food chain after McDonalds with presence in several countries. As of December 2012, KFC had more than 18,000 outlets spread across 120 countries. Yum! Brands is the parent company which owns KFC along with other subsidiaries such as Pizza Hut and Taco Bell restaurants chain (Liu, 2008).

Founded by Harland Sanders in Corbin, Kentucky KFC clocked close to $11 billion in revenues by end of 2011. KFC can be credited for being a pioneer in popularizing chicken in fast foot industry. As a company KFC has been termed as one of the most innovative company in terms of marketing its product among customers. Over a period of time it has given a stiff competition to other fast food chains like McDonalds, Starbucks etc. through its comprehensive and effective business strategy.

Task 1

LO 1.1: Changing Perspectives in Marketing Planning

Concept of Product: KFC founded in 1930, has always believed in the concept of product. Its primary product –fried chicken has remained the most sought after fast food product since its inception. With time KFC added range of fast food items catering to different taste buds and eating sensibilities. This approach reflected that how it has adapted itself in the changing and challenging environment by rival companies like McDonalds etc. Product development and adapting in the changing market perspective is crucial for a fast food chain like KFC (Ghanawi, 2012).

Concept of Selling: KFC has kept its focus on ensuring that consumers favour the product which offers the best in terms of taste and quality. KFC has never comprised with the quality of the product it has offered to customer. Since inception it has maintained its trademark taste of the fried chicken. Which has resulted into a loyal base of customer following. KFC has never taken its popularity for granted and has always believed in getting feedback from customer through various channels, which in return has helped it further to optimize the quality and other factors associated with its fast food products.

Concept of Marketing: KFC has always been aggressive in terms of marketing its product. Even though it has established itself as leading player in fast food sector, despite of this fact it has never shied away from marketing efforts towards its product. This focus on marketing helps in creating brand awareness and customer satisfaction.

Concept of Societal Marketing: Societal marketing is an important concept in marketing planning of any company. KFC has always believed in reaching to its customer through various ways like customer surveys, feedbacks etc. This helps KFC in establishing a close bonding with its customer which eventually helps in increasing the sales. Through its feedback and survey it has launched geographic specific products as well in order to cater localized taste and sensibilities.

L.O. 1.2: KFC’s Capability for Planning its Future Marketing Activity

For KFC, capacity planning for its marketing activity is an extremely critical part of the business as complete business relies heavily on the future forecast and trend. This capacity planning strategy is focused on determining current and future requirement of a typical fast food specific market. Capability for planning its future marketing activity has several important points which needs to be understood, they are as follows:

Financial Capability: KFC earned a revenue of close to $11 billion in 2012, which underlines the fact that it has enough financial capabilities to compete with other fast food chains like McDonalds etc. This has also ensured that with a strong revenue model it has sufficient marketing budget allotment for maintaining its market positioning.

Technological Capability: KFC has always focused on supporting its marketing activity through use of superior technologies. These technologies helped in optimizing its operation as well as marketing activities.

Popular Products: Like its other competitors, KFC has always maintained a wide range of popular fast food product. Its trademark chicken burger and other chicken fast food products has helped in maintaining a niche market in non-vegetarian fast food segment. Having a popular line of products always helps a company in establishing a brand connectivity with the end customer (Witkowski, Ma & Zheng, 2003).

LO 1.3: Techniques Used by KFC for Organizational Auditing & for Analysing External factors that affect marketing planning

Multinational companies like KFC are aware of the fact that effect marketing planning cannot be achieved without application of techniques for organizational auditing and analyses of external factors. External factors for KFC comprises of Macro business environment and Micro environment. Macro environment consists of aspects such as social, cultural, legal, economic, political and technological. These aspects further include other factors such as demographics, environmental limitations and broader societal factors. On other hand micro environment includes other constraints such as market structure, suppliers, customer, trend of the market, and competition.

Organizational audit helps KFC to analyse and examine resources available and supplies suggestion related to strength and weakness of the company. Organizational considerations are controlled by KFC itself hence it is important that it should avoid any sort of issues from this area. It is vital for a company like KFC to consider organizational auditing and development of the SWOT analysis (Magrath, 1986). It is important especially to take advantage of its organizational strengths, reduce any limitation, and exploit market opportunities as they appear. External environment is critical since it gives direction to organizational behaviour and overall marketing strategy of a multinational company like KFC.

L.O. 1.4: Assume that you have just been promoted to the position of marketing manager in a Fast food organization. Carry out organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affect marketing planning in your organization.

As a marketing manager it is important to understand the role and importance of organizational audit and analysis of external factors. This is critical because it leads to a direct impact on the success of the marketing strategy of KFC and its goal to maintain its niche position of fried chicken fast food specialist.

Marketing planning for oxford

Organizational audit focuses on entire business, it focuses on the business objective, goal, mission, vision and all strategies being applied in the business. SWOT analysis is one popular and effective tool for audit of such factors.

Following are the result for the SWOT analysis done for KFC

(S) Strength includes

  • After McDonalds KFC is the second best global brand in fast food industry in terms of value ($ 6 billion)
  • It has famous and popular formula of original 11 herbs and spices recipe
  • Has support from other popular subsidiaries such as combination of KFC – Pizza Hut and KFC – Taco Bell
  • KFC enjoys a leadership position among companies offering chicken as their primary product offering

(W) Weakness includes

  • Negative publicity from health conscious groups
  • Row over quality of chicken used as raw material
  • Vulnerable to downfall in business due to issues like bird-flu
  • Lack of strong marketing efforts as compared to companies like McDonalds

(O) Opportunities includes

  • Increasing demand for healthier food
  • Focus on home delivery of the products
  • Scope of introducing new varieties in its chicken range of products.

(T) Threats includes

  • Trend towards healthy food habits
  • Currency fluctuations
  • Various law suits from groups supporting green and vegetarian food

Organizational audit and analysis of external factors helps in several ways through which KFC doing retail management following:

  • Audit focusing upon organizations marketing objective and strategy helps in determining how well these strategy is suited to the current and forecasted market environment in fast food segment across various geographies.
  • Organizational audit of marketing strategy is concerned specifically with a goal of evaluating organization’s structural capability and its preparedness for implementation of the strategy needed for further development of the business and fast food segment in general.
  • Organizational audit helps in covering wide spectrum of functions like quality of organizational systems for analysis, control and planning.

Task 2

L.O. 2.1: Assess the main barriers to marketing planning

Following barriers needs to be addressed:

Lack of Vision: KFC has to be cautious while implanting its marketing plan. In order to ensure an effective implementation it is important to have a comprehensive plan. However marketing plan should ensure that it covers every aspect which it can face due to changing market environment (Christian & Gereffi, 2010). Poor future vision can result into an insufficient marketing plan which can lead to failure.

Less focus on Innovation: Although fast food segment has been dominated by products which have not changed over a long period of time. However with changing customer taste and preference, it is critical for KFC to focus on innovation of new fast food items which can offer something new to customer. It has to innovate and customize its product based on various geographies it works in.

Leadership issues: KFC comes under a single brand known as YUM! Brands which operated other subsidiaries such as Pizza hut and Taco Bell. In order to ensure a smooth functioning of the business, it is important to segregate the leadership for a better focus on the individual brands. This will help in brand specific focus and other management related activities.

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L.O.3.1: Explain why marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for an organization.

An effective marketing planning helps KFC to analyse various critical aspects related to marketing efforts for example pricing, distribution, product and promotional strategies. Marketing planning is necessary because it helps in establishing the relationship of above mentioned aspects with all external business factors including competition, target market, sales target and objective (Sophonsiri & Polyorat, 2009).Marketing planning helps in establishing an outline of distribution and promotional strategies as well, which is extremely critical for a fast food business chain like KFC.

In order to compete with current set of fast food competitors and changing business requirements, KFC has to ensure that its marketing plan is in sync with volatile business environment.

KFC’s position w.r.t its competitor depends to a great extent on its marketing plan and its implementation. Also since a marketing plan serves as an operational blueprint for entire organization, hence as a fast food major KFC should work aggressively towards aligning its marketing strategy with overall organizational strategic process.

L.O.3.2: Examine techniques for new product development

KFC can opt for eight stages of a product development which involves following process:

Concept Generation of New Product: SWOT analysis can be used effectively for assisting basic research methods towards new concept generation of a fast food product.

Concept Screening: KFC based on a new concept/idea can then screen and question the relevance of the concept. Important for KFC is to understand that relevance of the product should be as per the market situation. Working on a concept which competitors have already launched might not be a logical business strategy. There should be clarity related to the target market as well. What customer base KFC will be targeting should be clear from the concept stage itself (Starvish, 2011).

Concept Development and Product Testing: KFC should also focus on the proper testing of the new product for its market suitability and target customer segment. For example a spicy chicken burger might not be successful in market dominated by less spice loving population. Thus a product should be tested internally before it is launched on a wider scale.

Beta Testing and Marketing Testing: KFC can understand a significant part of customer feedback through a selected launch of the product to a specific set of customers. With a proper feedback channel, valuable inputs regarding the product can be collected which can be further used to optimize the end product before it is launched.

Technical Implementation: Technical implementation phase will include activities like all the logistical attributes which will be necessary for a producing the fast food product. Thus how a raw material will be procured? What raw material will be used? Availability of the manpower for the production and several other facts should be taken care by KFC in this particular phase of the product development.

Commercialization: Commercialization is the critical phase, where post development of the product there has to be specific budget and time for product promotion and creating awareness about the product. Optimization of distribution channel and monetization of the product is also crucial part of this phase

Product Pricing: For a company like KFC which has operation in developed as well as developing countries, pricing is a critical aspect of the whole business. In price sensitive markets like Asia, any wrong pricing strategy can result into product failure.

L.O.3.5: Explain how factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan have been taken into account

Various factors which affects the effective implementation of the marketing plan are as follows: Information about Target Segment: For KFC the target customer has always been the teen and post teen. Their advertising campaign has primarily revolved around college going students and working professionals. However with time, and competition from rival fast food companies, they have focused on various age groups (Roller, Voorhees & Lulnkenheimer, 2006). Important aspect is that whatever fast food product has been launched, it has been done with proper knowledge of its target customer. For effective implementation of marketing plan prior research about the target customer base is extremely critical.

Measurable Goals and Objectives: Marketing team at KFC has to be clear about their end goals and organizational objectives. Clarity on these two aspects is important towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. In fast food segment, acceptance of the new product launched, and objective achieved in terms of the expected sales helps towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. Proper techniques for forecasting of the expected sales and measurable goals helps in understanding the success of the product launched.

Proper and Effective Communication Tactics: Fast food companies have to be very thoughtful with their communication strategy. Even a slight mistake in terms of improper communication can lead to disastrous result. With various lobbies opposing junk food or fast food segment, there is always a pressure on companies like KFC to come up with relevant and targeted communication. Thus what channel is being selected for communication also matters a lot. For example if target demography is vegetarian in nature then launching and creating campaign about a chicken burger will be a big mistake. Hence optimization of communication tactic is an important stepping stone towards effective implementation of the marketing plan.

L.O.4.1: Explain how ethical issues influence marketing planning

Fast food segment has to face several ethical issues, which eventually shape up their marketing plan. There are many countries which are extremely particular about the quality of the product and its raw material used. For example a country or area dominated by vegetarian population will never accept a chicken or beef burger. That is why in the stores there has to be strict check on what is being served to the customer. Recently there was a viral video on social networking site which highlighted how raw material for KFC is procured which highlighted several loop-holes in the procurement process. This issue exposed the hygiene and cleanliness standards in the procurement as well. Such kind of ethical issues many times results in lawsuit etc. (Schröder & McEachern, 2005).

L.O.4.2: Analyse examples of how organizations respond to ethical issues

KFC has witnessed an exponential growth across globe. But with this growth rate there are several instances of backlash against the brand as well. For example a slight negligence in a vegetarian dominated population can lead to ethical issues among the population and negative publicity for the brand. In any such instance where KFC has been on the defaulter side, it has always cooperated with the respective agencies and has proactively accepted its mistake wherever necessary. As a brand KFC has never ignored its social responsibility and accepting mistakes because of its negligence. In order to address any consumer complain they have dedicated complain cell which handles consumer grievances.

L.O. 4.3: Analyse examples of consumer ethics and the effect it has on the marketing planning

Consumer ethics has major impact on designing of market strategy of a company. For example KFC avoids an aggressive marketing of non-vegetarian products in vegetarian dominated population. KFC also avoids targeting kids as their target segment since fast food are considered as unhealthy and greasy in nature In order to have a strong brand connect and brand value it is important to keep all the ethical issues in perspective while developing the market planning strategy (Parasuraman, Grewal & Krishnan, 2006).

References

Liu, W. K. (2008). KFC in China: secret recipe for success. John Wiley & Sons (Asia).

Ghanawi, N. (2012). The Internationalization of KFC.

Witkowski, T. H., Ma, Y., & Zheng, D. (2003). Cross-cultural influences on brand identity impressions: KFC in China and the United States. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 15(1/2), 74-88.

Magrath, A. J. (1986). When marketing services, 4 Ps are not enough. Business Horizons, 29(3), 44-50.

Christian, M., & Gereffi, G. (2010). The marketing and distribution of fast food. InPediatric Obesity (pp. 439-450). Springer New York.

Sophonsiri, S., & Polyorat, K. (2009). THE IMPACT OF BRAND PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS ON BRAND ASSOCIATION AND BRAND ATTRACTIVENESS: THE CASE STUDY OF KFC IN THAILAND. Journal of Global Business & Technology, 5(2).

Starvish, M. (2011). KFC’s explosive growth in China. HBS Working Knowledge.

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